24. The interstitial nucleus, a subregion of the brain’s hypothalamus, is typically smaller for male cats than for female cats. A neurobiologist performed autopsies on male cats who died from disease X, a disease affecting no more than .05 percent of male cats, and found that these male cats had interstitial nuclei that were as large as those generally found in female cats. Thus, the size of the interstitial nucleus determines whether or not male cats can contract disease X. Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? (A) No female cats have been known to contract disease X, which is a subtype of disease Y. (B) Many male cats who contract disease X also contract disease Z, the cause of which is unknown. (C) the interstitial nuclei of female cats who contact disease X are larger than those of female cats who do not contract disease X. (D) Of 1,000 autopsies on male cats who did not contract disease X, 5 revealed interstitial nuclei larger than those of the average male cat. (E) The hypothalamus is known not to be causally linked to disease Y, and disease X is a subtype of disease Y.
答案是E,解释说:Disease X is the subtype is disease Y, if disease Y has no link with hypothalamus, X must have no link with hypothalamus. 我觉得E成立的话必定需要另外一个假设——即一种病的subtype与该病在感染区域上是一致的,如果只说X是Y的subtype,不能得到结论说X must have no link with hypothalamus呀~ 哀,不知道自己是不是钻牛角尖了...
另外,我选的B,说X, Z两种病同时发现,那就有可能是Z引起了X, 而不是the size of the interstitial nucleus,进而削弱argument
这个, E里说 The hypothalamus is known not to be causally linked to disease Y,就是那个高亮的 disease Y has no link with hypothalamus,被动句的主动写法;而disease X is a subtype of disease Y,做为作为Y的分支的X, 如果Y没有link,那么X也没有link(类似于,筐里的苹果Y没长虫,所以筐里的红苹果X也没长虫)
这个, E里说 The hypothalamus is known not to be causally linked to disease Y,就是那个高亮的 disease Y has no link with hypothalamus,被动句的主动写法;而disease X is a subtype of disease Y,做为作为Y的分支的X, 如果Y没有link,那么X也没有link“就是这句话,我觉得如果没有其他的假设,不能说明Y没有link,那么X也没有啊,不知道自己是不是钻牛角尖了,真的不懂啊...555...”(类似于,筐里的苹果Y没长虫,所以筐里的红苹果X也没长虫)