[求助]GWD12-Q7这道题搜到的不对~

  The term “episodic memory” was introduced by Tulving to refer to what he considered a uniquely human capacity—the ability to recollect specific past events, to travel back into the past in one’s own mind—as distinct from the capacity simply to use information acquired through past experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al. developed criteria to test for episodic memory in animals.  According to these criteria, episodic memories are not of individual bits of information; they involve multiple components of a single event “bound” together.  Clayton sought to examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate memory of “what,” “where,” and “when” information and their binding of this information.  In the wild, these birds store food for retrieval later during periods of food scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required jays to remember the type, location, and freshness of stored food based on a unique learning event.  Crickets were stored in one location and peanuts in another.  Jays prefer crickets, but crickets degrade more quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched their preference from crickets to peanuts once the food had been stored for a certain length of time, showing that they retain information about the what, the where, and the when.  Such experiments cannot, however, reveal whether the birds were reexperiencing the past when retrieving the information. (局限性)Clayton acknowledged this by using the term “episodic-like” memory.

试着解答一下：

原文两人的观点如下：

Tulving: “episodic memory” is distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past
            experiences

Clayton:…showing that they retain
            information about the what, the where,and the when.  Such experiments cannot,however, reveal whether the birds were
            reexperiencing the past when retrieving the
            information.  Clayton acknowledged this by
            using the term “episodic-like” memory.

 所以结合起来看，use information about a specific past event

A.   Animals’ abilities to use information about a specific past event (T观点的关键词）are not conclusive evidence （C的观点）of episodic memory.

B.    Animals do not share humans’ abilities to reexperience the past through memory. Not discussed，只说不能确定是否是reexperience.

C.   The accuracy of animals’ memories is difficult to determine through direct experimentation.not mention

D.   Humans tend to recollect single bits of information more accurately than do animals. 无关比较

E.    The binding of different kinds of information is not a distinctive feature of episodic memory. 原文没有提及episodic memory的feature

居然很少有人问及这道题目。估计又是个低级错误，我也选E。

不知楼上为什么会选A （正确答案），在我看来A中的关于animal的直接就被我弊掉了，因为T这个人根本没有提过任何和animal有关的东西。而E，如果一种状况是dinstict from... (有别于。。。）的，为什么不能理解为是一个Feature呢？

文中说episodic memory （EM）有别于简单搜集过往经历的信息有两方面 1) the ability to recollect specific past events, 

2) to travel back into the past in one’s own mind

而后面那个做实验的人在那个什么鸟实验中得出了1），但是未证实2),,所以他成为‘episodic-like memory'.

综上所述，T人理论解释了两个EM的不同1）和2），C人动物实验证实了1），那么E选项正好符合。

如果思路不对，见笑了～～请大牛指点！！