GWD-9-Q37: Researchers took a group of teenagers who had never smoked and for one year tracked whether they took up smoking and how their mental health changed. Those who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were four times as likely to be depressed at the study’s end than those who did not begin smoking. Since nicotine in cigarettes changes brain chemistry, perhaps thereby affecting mood, it is likely that smoking contributes to depression in teenagers.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. articipants who were depressed at the study’s start were no more likely to be smokers at the study’s end than those who were not depressed. B. articipants who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were no more likely than those who began midway through to have quit smoking by the study’s end. C. Few, if any, of the participants in the study were friends or relatives of other participants. D. Some participants entered and emerged from a period of depression within the year of the study. E. The researchers did not track use of alcohol by the teenagers.
Researchers took a group of teenagers who had never smoked and for one year tracked whether they took up smoking and how their mental health changed. Those who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were four times as likely to be depressed at the study’s end than those who did not begin smoking. Since nicotine in cigarettes changes brain chemistry, perhaps thereby affecting mood, it is likely that smoking contributes to depression in teenagers.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. articipants who were depressed at the study’s start were no more likely to be smokers at the study’s end than those who were not depressed. B. articipants who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were no more likely than those who began midway through to have quit smoking by the study’s end. C. Few, if any, of the participants in the study were friends or relatives of other participants. D. Some participants entered and emerged from a period of depression within the year of the study. E. The researchers did not track use of alcohol by the teenagers.
题目和选项A看起来貌似很绕 实际上是通过排除因果倒置来加强结论的。 大背景：调查一群不吸烟的青少年 并且跟踪一年（什么时候开始吸烟 mental health 变化情况) 发现： 一个月之内开始吸烟的 比 调查结束还没开始吸烟的 青少年 更爱 depressed 之后SINCE给出一个原因 ：烟中的nicotine可以 改变brain chemistry 结论 ：是烟导致了DEPRESSTION 之后来说说什么是因果倒置？ 以这个题为例： 结论说是烟导致了 depresstion 倒过来就是 先DEPRESSTION才吸烟 如果是青少年先感到DEPRESSED 才吸烟 那么也可以符合 开始吸烟的比没开始吸烟的 更DEPRESSED 这个调查发现 所以因果倒置可以削弱结论 而选项A articipants who were depressed at the study’s start were no more likely to be smokers at the study’s end than those who were not depressed. 翻译过来就是 那些DEPRRESSed参加者并不比那些不DEPRRESSED 的参加者 在调查结束时更容易变成吸烟者。 即DEPRESSED和不DEOREESSED的人变成吸烟者的可能性是一样的 也就是说排除了因为DEPRESSTION才吸烟的可能 所以加强了文章的结论 不知道说的明不明白 自己也感觉题好绕
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发表于 2010-10-24 04:32:28
articipants who were depressed at the study’s start were no more likely to be smokers at the study’s end than those who were not depressed.
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