救命救命。逻辑没得救了，大牛帮帮忙啊。快要考试了几道逻辑没有头绪

第一题GWD-12-Q40:

Which of the following most logically completes the argument?

Researchers recently asked dozens of shoppers, chosen at random coming out of a FoodBasket supermarket, what they had purchased.  The prices of the very same items at the nearest ShopperKing supermarket were totaled and compared with the FoodBasket total.  The ShopperKing totals averaged five percent higher than the FoodBasket totals.  Nevertheless, this result does not necessarily show that shoppers at ShopperKing would save money overall by shopping at FoodBasket instead, since ______.

A.      shoppers who shop regularly at a given supermarket generally choose that store for the low prices offered on the items that they purchase most often

B.       for shoppers with more than 20 items, the ShopperKing totals averaged more than five percent higher than the FoodBasket totals

C.      many shoppers consider factors other than price in choosing the supermarket at which they shop most regularly

D.      there is little variation from month to month in the overall quantity of purchases made at supermarkets by a given shopper

E.       none of the people who conducted the research were employees of the FoodBasket supermarket

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

这是讲解：文中最后一句话的意思是通常在SK购物的人到FB去购物未必会省钱，因为： A. 消费者通常到选定这样一个超市，他们最频繁购买的东西在那家的超市里的价格是最低的。

具体的说，假如有商品A,B,C,D,E。

在SK超市里A,B,C的价格比FB超市低。而FB超市里D,E的价格又比SK里的低。

那么假如一个消费着经常需要消费A,B,C商品，所以他会选SK超市，因为他到FB超市去买的话A,B,C反而贵，符合文中最后一句话。

我不明的是very same items只的是一样的商品，那么上文解释不就说不通了

第二题：128. The public in the United States has in the past been conditioned to support a substantial defense budget by the threat of confrontation with the Eastern bloc. Now that that threat is dissolving, along with the Eastern bloc itself, it is doubtful whether the public can be persuaded to support an adequate defense budget.

Which one of the following indicates a weakness in the position expressed above?

(A) It presupposes that public opinion can be manipulated indefinitely, without the public’s becoming aware of that manipulation.

(B) It refers to past and present events that do not have a causal connection with public support of the budget.

(C) It assumes as fact what it seeks to establish by

(D) It fails to give any reason for the judgement it reaches.

(E) It hinges on the term “adequate”, the precise meaning of which requires reevaluation in the new context.

第三题

17.   (26864-!-item-!-188;#058&003368)

At present the Hollywood Restaurant has only standard-height tables.  However, many customers come to watch the celebrities who frequent the Hollywood, and they would prefer tall tables with stools because such seating would afford a better view of the celebrities.  Moreover, diners seated on stools typically do not stay as long as diners seated at standard-height tables.  Therefore, if the Hollywood replaced some of its seating with high tables and stools, its profits would increase.

The argument is vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it gives reason to believe that it is likely that

(A) some celebrities come to the Hollywood to be seen, and so might choose to sit at the tall tables if they were available

(B) the price of meals ordered by celebrities dining at the Hollywood compensates for the longer time, if any, they spend lingering over their meals

(C) a customer of the Hollywood who would choose to sit at a tall table would be an exception to the generalization about lingering

(D) a restaurant's customers who spend less time at their meals typically order less expensive meals than those who remain at their meals longer

(E) with enough tall tables to accommodate all the Hollywood's customers interested in such seating, there would be no view except of other tall tables

觉得这一题的逻辑很奇怪
        尤其是morever 那一句与前面一句没有递进关系，

而且答案(C) a customer of the Hollywood who would choose to sit at a tall table would be an exception to the generalization about lingering 与原文论据many customers come to watch the celebrities who frequent the Hollywood, and they would prefer tall tables with stools because such seating would afford a better view of the celebrities矛盾

谁能帮忙讲解一下下

继续

第四题

23.   (28303-!-item-!-188;#058&003943)

A product that represents a clear technological advance over competing products can generally command a high price. Because technological advances tend to be quickly surpassed and companies want to make large profits while they still can, many companies charge the maximum possible price for such a product.  But large profits on the new product will give competitors a strong incentive to quickly match the new product's capabilities.  Consequently, the strategy to maximize overall profit from a new product is to charge less than the greatest possible price.

In the argument above, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

(A) The first is a consideration that has been raised to argue that a certain strategy is counterproductive; the second presents that strategy.

(B) The first is a consideration raised to support the strategy that the argument recommends; the second presents that strategy.

(C) The first is a consideration raised to explain the appeal of a certain strategy; the second presents that strategy.

(D) The first is an assumption, rejected by the argument, that has been used to justify a course of action; the second presents that course of action.

(E) The first is a consideration that has been used to justify pursuing a goal that the argument rejects; the second presents a course of action that has been adopted in pursuit of that goal.

答案是C，我不明      a certain strategy 是指charge the maximum possible price for such a product  但是
            the second  是指charge less than the greatest possible price.

而C选项
            两个strategy 指的是相同的啊

第五题

GWD5-Q19:       

Historian:  In the Drindian Empire, censuses were conducted annually to determine the population of each village.  Village census records for the last half of the 1600’s are remarkably complete.基于这个前提得出结论  This very completeness makes one point stand out; in five different years, villages overwhelmingly reported significant population declines.  Tellingly, each of those five years immediately followed an increase in a certain Drindian tax.  This tax, which was assessed on villages, was computed by the central government using the annual census figures.  Obviously, whenever the tax went up, villages had an especially powerful economic incentive to minimize the number of people they recorded; and concealing the size of a village’s population from government census takers would have been easy.  Therefore, it is reasonable to think that the reported declines did not happen.

In the historian’s argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A.    The first supplies a context for the historian’s argument; the second acknowledges a consideration that has been used to argue against the position the historian seeks to establish.

B.    The first presents evidence to support the position that the historian seeks to establish; the second acknowledges a consideration that has been used to argue against that position.

C.    The first provides a context for certain evidence that supports the position that the historian seeks to establish; the second is that position.

D.    The first is a position for which the historian argues; the second is an assumption that serves as the basis of that argument.

E.    The first is an assumption that the historian explicitly makes in arguing for a certain position; the second acknowledges a consideration that calls that assumption into question.

第六题

GWD7-Q27:

A significant number of complex repair jobs carried out by Ace Repairs have to be reworked under the company’s warranty（担保书）.  The reworked jobs are invariably satisfactory.  When initial repairs are inadequate, therefore, it is not because the mechanics lack competence; rather, there is clearly a level of focused concentration that complex repairs require that is elicited more reliably by rework jobs than by first-time jobs.

The argument above assumes which of the following?

A.    There is no systematic difference in membership between the group of mechanics who do first-time jobs and the group of those who do rework jobs.

B.    There is no company that successfully competes with Ace Repairs for complex repair jobs.

C.    Ace Repairs’ warranty is good on first-time jobs but does not cover rework jobs.

D.    Ace Repairs does not in any way penalize mechanics who have worked on complex repair jobs that later had to be reworked.

E.    There is no category of repair jobs in which Ace Repairs invariably carries out first-time jobs satisfactorily.

谁好心帮忙把高亮部分翻译一下下

第七题

73. There is no reason why the work of scientists has to be officially confirmed before being published. There is a system in place for the confirmation or disconfirmation of scientific findings, namely, the replication of results by other scientists. Poor scientific work on the part of any one scientists, which can include anything from careless reporting practices to fraud, is not harmful. It will be exposed and rendered harmless when other scientists conduct experiments and obtain disconfirmatory results.

Which one of the following, if true, would weaken the argument?

(A) Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years before they are replicated.
            

(B) Most scientists work in universities, where their work is submitted to peer review before publication.

(C) Most scientists are under pressure to make their work accessible to the scrutiny of replication.

(D) In scientific experiments, careless reporting is more common than fraud.

(E) Most scientists work as part of a team rather than alone.

完全不明白什么意思

继续

第八题

24. The interstitial nucleus, a subregion of the brain’s hypothalamus, is typically smaller for male cats than for female cats. A neurobiologist performed autopsies on male cats who died from disease X, a disease affecting no more than .05 percent of male cats, and found that these male cats had interstitial nuclei that were as large as those generally found in female cats. Thus, the size of the interstitial nucleus determines whether or not male cats can contract disease X.

Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

(A) No female cats have been known to contract disease X, which is a subtype of disease Y.

(B) Many male cats who contract disease X also contract disease Z, the cause of which is unknown.

(C) the interstitial nuclei of female cats who contact disease X are larger than those of female cats who do not contract disease X.

(D) Of 1,000 autopsies on male cats who did not contract disease X, 5 revealed interstitial nuclei larger than those of the average male cat.

(E) The hypothalamus is known not to be causally linked to disease Y, and disease X is a subtype of disease Y.

我选的是A，答案是E，很奇怪，因为明明从题中可看出得名概率与脑子大小有关的吗

ps 一定要帮帮我啊，二战了

是选E啊，

E: H和Y没关系，而X是Y的一种；也就是说H和X没有关系 -- 原文的IN是一种H

原文告诉我的就是说：IN大小在男女CAT，X发现在男女CAT一样大，所以大小的IN决定X

这个题目比较绕，里面有很多主体，要搞清楚之间的关系比较麻烦，A是一定错的: 没有女CAT被知道感染X。对原文没有削弱作用。