OG 16

In Swartkans territory, archaeologists discovered charred bone fragments dating back one million years.              Analysis of the fragment, which came from a variety of animals, showed that they had been heated to temperatures no higher than those produced in experimental campfires made from branches of white stinkwood, the most common tree around Swartkans.

Which of the following, if true, would together with the information above, provide the best basis for the claim that the charred bone fragments are evidence of the use of fire by early hominids

(A)The white stinkwood tree is used for building material by the present-day inhabitants of Swartkans

(B)Forest fire can heat wood to a range of temperatures that occur in campfires.

(C)The bond fragments were fitted together by the archaeologists to form the complete skeletons of several animals

(D)Apart from the Swartkans discovery, there is reliable evidence that early hominids used fire as many as 500000

      Years ago.

(E)The  bone fragments were found in several distinct layers of limestone that contained primitive cutting toolls

      known to have been used by early himinids.

answer is (E) ,WHY?

.

A－比较present day的inhabitate，排除；

B－实际上是weaken了命题；

C－说的是骨头怎样，与用火无关；

D－很像，但是apart from与问题中的would together with the information above明显不匹配；

E－因为用树烧火，首先要用工具砍树，勉强算对吧。

能解释清楚一点嘛 谢谢

这题我页不懂. OG的官方解释也很含糊....有NN解释下么?

OG的解释如下:

reasoning: the information that strengthens this argument iwill be about the subjects of the argument, not about tangential issues. in this case, the argument is about early hominid's use of fire. any physical evidence that links the early hominids to the charred bone fragments strengthens the argument. if these bone fragments where found in conjunction with some other evidence of the presence of early hoominids, then that evidence from the swartkans location could be used to support the claim that early hominids used fire.

d. the fragments date back one million years, so evidence from 500,000 years ago is irrelevant.

e. correct. this statement properly identifies evidence that links early hominids to these bone fragments and so strengthens the argument.

还是不懂啊. 为啥使用工具和用火有联系呢....

我的理解:

原文的逻辑链是：发现了charred bone fragments->hominids用火

E项中其他tools的发现，证明了那时hominids的存在，所以弥补了漏洞。

但是不太明白文中说temperatures no higher than those的原因。。

望牛牛指正~

古代的人当然不能造出比那种树着火所得温度更高的温度了，因为钻木取火的时候应该知道木材比较容易起火，所以就选用了那个遍地都有的树（其他的东西可能着起火来能产生更高的温度，但是不易起火，所以古人没有选用，比如动物油脂）

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所以用了那个实验， 证明这些骨头被烧到各种不同的温度，但是都没有超过一个特定温度，而且很多骨头烧到的温度都比较逼近那个特定温度，也就是那个特定温度数轴左方取一个小的临域能发现有很多值，这些值所代表的骨头都被比较彻底的烧过， 离着火点值比较远的值应该是由于火没着起来只冒了一些烟或者所用木材掺杂沙土杂质或者着起火来但是离烤肉比较远等原因，所以学者觉得这个温度很重要。。。不过这个对解题不重要。

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解题很简单，已经证明骨头是那种树着火烧的， 怎么能证明是人把动物大卸八块并砍树再来个韩国烧烤呢？

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那就是只在一些特定石灰岩岩层里发现这些骨头碎片和已知人用过的砍杀用具

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其它的岩层没有这些碎片但是可能有动物全副骨骼，也许是自然死亡天灾非人祸

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或者有碎片但是不是人杀的因为没有烧过，比如被鳄鱼咬到然后尝了一口吐了出来

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至于树也许木材不会保留太好，要不如果保留了烧过的木头在同样的岩层里，木头上还刻有一些类似GMAT考题之类文字，可推出当年一定是人类活动导致的毁林行为

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还有这些工具应该砍树砍动物样样都行，如果发现一些人类头颅被砍并且砍痕吻合现场出土另一工具，那咱就得报警了

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好了我随便乱说的，看来我时间太多了，

总之E把“人-工具-骨头”连起来，

文中把“骨头-火烧木”连起来，

所以“人-火烧木” 连起来了，

传导性