[讨论]FF逻辑38，59，63，70，91，107(详细思路)

38. Amphibian populations are declining in numbers worldwide. Not coincidentally, the earth’s ozone layer has been continuously depleted throughout the last 50 years. Atmospheric ozone blocks UV-B, a type of ultraviolet radiation that is continuously produced by the sun, and which can damage genes. Because amphibians lack hair, hide, or feathers to shield them, they are particularly vulnerable to UV-B radiation. In addition, their gelatinous eggs lack the protection of leathery or hard shells. Thus, the primary cause of the declining amphibian population is the depletion of the ozone layer.

Each of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument EXCEPT:

A.        Of the various types of radiation blocked by atmospheric ozone, UV-B is the only type that can damage genes.

B.        Amphibian populations are declining far more rapidly than are the populations of non-amphibian species whose tissues and eggs have more natural protection from UV-B.C.        Atmospheric ozone has been significantly depleted above all the areas of the world in which amphibian populations are declining. 

D.       The natural habitat of amphibians has not become smaller over the past century.

E.        Amphibian populations have declined continuously for the last 50 years.
                

答案：D

思路：原文论述臭氧层的破坏造成UV-B辐射过量是导致两栖动物数量减少的主要原因。

A：支持说明为什么是UV-B而不是其他原因。

B：支持说明为什么UV-B会降低两栖动物的数量。

C：提供空间论据说明臭氧层受损和两栖动物数量减少的相关性。

D：中性评价。不Weaken也不Strengthen. 文中说，臭氧在过去50年间遭到破坏，即可推出50年前没有破坏，而栖息地在过去的一个世纪没有减少，等于非臭氧破坏推出非栖息地减少，是加强了原文臭氧破坏推出动物数量减少。但还有种理解是D是无关选项，因为habitat≠population

E：提供时间论据说明臭氧层受损和两栖动物数量减少的相关性。

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Which one of the following is an assumption that, if true, would support the conclusion in the passage?

Which one of the following is an assumption that, if true, would support the conclusion in the passage?

B.        Awarding too many honors degrees causes colleges to inflate grades. 取反后也是对文章削弱了。

C.        Today’s employers rely on honors ranking in making their hiring decisions.

D.       It is not easy for students with low grades to obtain jobs.

E.        Colleges must make employers aware of the criteria used to determine who receives an honor degree.

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63. Some good cooks are gourmet cooks who pride themselves on always using extravagantly rich ingredients in elaborate recipes. Some good cooks can be characterized as fast-food cooks. They may use rich ingredients as long as the recipes are easy to follow and take little time. Other good cooks are health food enthusiasts, who are concerned primarily with the nutritional value of food. But even though not all good cooks are big eaters, they all enjoy preparing and serving food.  

If the information in the passage is true, which one of the following CANNOT be true? 
A.        Most good cooks do not use extravagantly rich ingredients. 

B.        Everyone who enjoys preparing and serving food is a good cook. 

C.        More good cooks who use extravagantly rich ingredients are big eaters than are good cooks who do not use such ingredients. 

D.       There are fewer good cooks who enjoy serving and preparing food than there are good cooks who are big eaters. 

E.        Gourmet cooks, fast-food cooks, and cooks who are health food enthusiasts are all big eaters. 

A.        原文的第一句，从原文推出。

B.         从结论可以推出。

C.         推不出这种比较，无关。

D.        正确。结论：但是即使并非所有的好厨师是big eaters，他们却全都喜欢准备和供应食物。说明喜欢准备和供应食物的好厨师的人数更多，是big eaters的好厨师的人数相比较少。D选项与原文的结论相反。那不就是不能成真吗？这题有两个答案？

E.         从原文推出。

70. A low-pressure weather system is approaching Plainville; rainfall results from about 70 percent of such systems in the Plainville area. Moreover, the current season, spring, is the time of year in which thundershowers, which sometimes result from low-pressure systems, are most likely to occur in Plainville.

Knowing which one of the following, in addition to the information above, would be most useful for determine the probability that Plainville will have a thundershower soon?

A.        the percentage of thundershowers in Plainville that occur in the spring

B.        the percentage of spring rainfalls in Plainville that are thundershowers

C.        the percentage of thundershowers in Plainville that result from low-pressure systems

D.       whether low-pressure systems in other areas are associated with rainfall

E.        whether Plainville has more or fewer thundershowers each spring than do near by towns

参考答案：C

思路：文中给出两个条件，1是低压天气将到达，而70%的低压天气导致降雨，2是现在正是1年中雷阵雨最多的季节且雷阵雨有时也是由于低压天气导致；答案（C）给出了低压天气导致雷阵雨的比率，用70%乘以这个比率，就可以得到下雷阵雨的概率了。

A、  B没能和低压天气联系起来，D、E为无关选项

已知低气压造成70%的可能降雨，而低气压会导致雷阵雨，雷阵雨是降雨的一部分，所以要知道the probability that Plainville will have a thundershower，就必须知道雷阵雨在降雨中的比例，选B

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91. Leachate is a solution, frequently highly contaminated, that develops when water permeates a landifill’s site. If and only if the landfill’s capacity to hold liquids is exceeded does the leachate escape into the environment, generally in unpredictable quantities. A method must be found for disposing of leach ate. Most landfill leachate is sent directly to sewage treatment plants, but not all sewage plants are capable of handling the highly contaminated water.

Which one of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.        The ability to predict the volume of escaping landfill leachate would help solve the disposal problem.

B.        If any water permeates a landfill, leachate will escape into the environment.

C.        No sewage treatment plants are capable of handling leachate.

D.       Some landfill leachate is sent to sewage treatment plants that are incapable of handling it.

E.        If leachate does not escape from a landfill into the environment, then the landfill’s capacity to hold liquids has not been exceeded.

E的确是正确答案，但D也应该能被推出。

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107. Because of the recent transformation of the market, Quore, Inc., must increase the next two years, or it will certainly go bankrupt. In fact, however, Quore’s production structure is such that if a 10 percent productivity increase is possible, then a 20 percent increase is attainable.

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must on the basis of them also be true?

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must on the basis of them also be true?

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must on the basis of them also be true?

A.        It is only Quore’s production structure that makes it possible for Quore to survive the transformation of the market.

B.        Quore will not go bankrupt if it achieves a productivity increase of 20 percent over the next two years.

C.        If the market had not been transformed, Quore would have required no productivity increase in order to avoid bankruptcy.

D.       Because of the transformation of the market, Quore will achieve a productivity increase of 10 percent over the next two years.

E.        If a 20 percent productivity increase is unattainable for Quore, then it must go bankrupt.

【正确答案】E

【解题思路】

可简化题干的表述为：

transformation of the market（A）→Q increase its production（B）

Q not increase its production（非B）→Q will go bankrupt（C）

选项A的表述为：Q’s production structure→Q will not go bankrupt（非C），无法从题干中推出。

选项B的表述为：Q increase production（B）→Q will not go bankrupt（非C），为的逆命题，
   不成立（原命题与其逆否命题等价）。

选项C的表述为：market had not been transformed（非A）→Q will not need to increase its production（非B），为的逆命题，
   不成立（原命题与其逆否命题等价）。

选项D的表述为：transformation of the market（A）→Q will achieve a productivity increase，无法从题干中推出。

选项E的表述为：Q not increase production（非B）→Q will go bankrupt（C），与一致。

D和E存在同样的问题

D：transformation of the market（A）→Q will achieve a productivity increase，无法从题干中推出。

E： no productivity increase→Q will go bankrupt（C）
    如果D不能从题干推出，那E也不能，因为E和D讨论的都是productivity increase，而非increase production

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19号就要考试了....

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