一道题请教大家

clifford_a · 发表于 2010-1-4 22:08:31

22. It is illogical to infer a second and different effect from a cause which is known only by one particular effect. This is incorrect because the inferred effect must necessarily be produced by some different characteristic of the cause than is the observed effect, which already serves entirely to describe the cause.

Which one of the following arguments makes the same logical error as the one described by the author in the passage?

(A) An anonymous donor gave a thousand dollars to our historical society. I would guess that that individual also volunteers at the children’s hospital.

(B) The radioactive material caused a genetic mutation, which, in turn, caused the birth defect. Therefore, the radioactive material caused the birth defect.

(C) The tiny, unseen atom is the source of immense power. It must be its highly complex structure that produces this power.

(D) The city orchestra received more funds from the local government this year than ever before. Clearly this administration is more civic-minded than previous ones.

(E) If I heat water, which is a liquid, it evaporates. If I heat hundreds of other liquids like water, they evaporate. Therefore, if I heat any liquid like water, it will evaporate

Is there any logical problem with option B?

and what is the logical problem with choice C and D?

how to understand "This is incorrect because the inferred effect must necessarily be produced by some different characteristic of the cause than is the observed effect, which already serves entirely to describe the cause."
and why the answer is A?

VALERIE242 · 发表于 2010-1-11 02:38:04

It is illogical to infer a second and different effect from a cause which is known only by one particular effect. This is incorrect because the inferred effect must necessarily be produced by some different characteristic of the cause than is the observed effect, which already serves entirely to describe the cause
我先解释一下题目意思吧：从一个已知只能推出一个结果的原因中推出多个结果是不符合逻辑的。这样不正确是因为这个被推出的结论必是利用了原因的其他特性，而不是能被我们观察到的特性做出的。

看到这个题目，我的理解是出题人一定是想要考生找那种一个行为或者说是原因，推出了两个平行结论的选项。这两个平行结论一个是对的，一个是错的，但两个结论必须来源于同一个行为/原因。

B选项：The radioactive material caused a genetic mutation, which, in turn, caused the birth defect. Therefore, the radioactive material caused the birth defect。therefore后面的结论是通过birth defect的出来的，如果直接从radioactive matter得出一个错误结论就对了

C选项：The tiny, unseen atom is the source of immense power. It must be its highly complex structure that produces this power.后面这半句完全在解释power啊...如果后半句主语是unseen atom就对了

一道题请教大家

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