48. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the explanation provided by the human capital theory for women’s concentration in certain occupations in seventeenth-century Florence? (A) Women were unlikely to work outside the home even in occupations whose hours were flexible enough to allow women to accommodate domestic tasks as well as paid labor. (B) Parents were less likely to teach occupational skills to their daughters than they were to their sons. (C) Women’s participation in the Florentine paid labor force grew steadily throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. (D) The vast majority of female weavers in the Florentine wool industry had children. (E) Few women worked as weavers in the Florentine silk industry, which was devoted to making cloths that required a high degree of skill to produce. 该题正确答案是A。 不明白为什么答案B是不对的。文章说women low paid job的原因之一是因为养孩子所以总是有间断不能得到很好的training机会。答案B给出了不能得到很好training的机会是因为父母不愿意让女生学，是它因造成的没有很好的traning机会，我觉得是对原文的一个weakening啊。
Passage: In the seventeenth-century Florentine textile industry, women were employed primarily in lowpaying, low-skill jobs. To explain this segregation of labor by gender, economists have relied on the useful theory of human capital. According to this theory, investment in human capital—the acquisition of difficult job-related skills—generally benefits individuals by making them eligible to engage in well-paid occupations. Women’s role as child bearers, however, results in interruptions in their participation in the job market (as compared with men’s) and thus reduces their opportunities to acquire training for highly skilled work. In addition, the human capital theory explains why there was a high concentration of women workers in certain low-skill jobs, such as weaving, but not in others, such as combing or carding, by positing that because of their primary responsibility in child rearing women took occupations that could be carried out in the home. There were, however, differences in pay scales that cannot be explained by the human capital theory. For example, male construction workers were paid significantly higher wages than female taffeta weavers. The wage difference between these two low-skill occupations stems from the segregation of labor by gender: because a limited number of occupations were open to women, there was a large supply of workers in their fields, and this “overcrowding” resulted in women receiving lower wages and men receiving higher wages.
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发表于 2009-11-25 14:33:04
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