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albert2008 · 发表于 2008-12-22 20:40:00

Agricultural societies cannot exist without staple crops.
Several food plants, such as kola and okra, are known to have been domesticated
in western Africa, but they are all
supplemental, not staple, foods. All the recorded staple crops grown in western
Africa were introduced from elsewhere,
beginning, at some unknown date, with rice and yams. Therefore, discovering
when rice and yams were introduced into western Africa
would establish the earliest date at which agricultural societies could have
arisen there.

Which of the following is an assumption on which
the argument depends?

A.
People in western Africa
did not develop staple crops that they stopped cultivating once rice and yams
were introduced.

why OA is A?

pls detail reasoning process and explain stopped cultivating.

sausau · 发表于 2008-12-23 00:27:00

事情是这样的。农业社会的建立是需要有主打的农业产品的。非洲的主打产品是大米和红薯。结论就是，红薯和大米引进的时候就是非洲农业社会开始的时候。

a是说，非洲在引进这两个农作物之前没有种其它的算得上是主打产品的东西。你用取非来做，如果非洲之前种了个主要产品，后来才才引进的大米，后来主要产品就变成了大米，那么大米的引进时间就不是非洲农业社会开始的时间了。因为人家之前已经有主打产品了。

取非就使得结论不成立，所以选a

albert2008 · 发表于 2008-12-23 11:30:00

Agricultural societies cannot exist without staple crops. Several food plants, such as kola and okra, are known to have been domesticated in western Africa, but they are all supplemental, not staple, foods. All the recorded staple crops grown in western Africa were introduced from elsewhere, beginning, at some unknown date, with rice and yams. Therefore, discovering when rice and yams were introduced into western Africa would establish the earliest date at which agricultural societies could have arisen there.

关于A答案的翻译： People in western Africa did not develop staple crops that they stopped cultivating once rice and yams were introduced.

staple crops that they stopped cultivating 和 once rice and yams were introduced 该如何表述？

直译：一旦R和Y被引入西非，那里的人们就不再发展他们停止耕种的主食作物。

这里面体现出，在R和Y被引入西非之前，是西非人民是存在种植主食作物的；只是在R和Y被引入西非之后，就不再推广发展自有的主食作物。

如果承认，之前有过自有的主食作物，那么就证明农业社会在R和Y被引入西非之前，就已经存在。这与所需的前提假设：之前没有主食作物相反。

此外，staple crops that they stopped cultivatin 与题干中 All the recorded staple crops grown in western Africa 是否有隐含呼应之处？

关于取非的方法，能够理解。问题是总觉得该题，还有更COGENT的点，即那种一点就明的，更核心的地方，需要找出。

请大家帮助

Thanks in advance

albert2008 · 发表于 2008-12-23 22:23:00

没人理我吗？

sausau · 发表于 2008-12-23 23:03:00

我反正一看见a就觉得a是答案

从总结经验到实践再到完全感觉做题。这个感觉就是已经柔和了以前的总结的了。
多做吧，做多了就不会计较方法了

albert2008 · 发表于 2008-12-24 13:00:00

感谢答复。

还请高人指点： staple crops that they stopped cultivatin 中的黑体部分该如何翻译？

sausau · 发表于 2008-12-25 03:29:00

就是之前种了，但是中途不种了

albert2008 · 发表于 2008-12-25 18:31:00

之前如果种植过，就表示农业社会已经存在了嘛？！这与需要的条件：在外来主食引入之前，当地是没有主食，相矛盾。

请赐教！

谢！

albert2008 · 发表于 2008-12-25 19:03:00

Agricultural societies cannot exist without staple crops. Several food plants, such as kola and okra, are known to have been domesticated in western Africa, but they are all supplemental, not staple, foods. All the recorded staple crops grown in western Africa were introduced from elsewhere, beginning, at some unknown date, with rice and yams. Therefore, discovering when rice and yams were introduced into western Africa would establish the earliest date at which agricultural societies could have arisen there.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A. People in western Africa did not develop staple crops that they stopped cultivating once rice and yams were introduced.

多日的思索（逻辑关系而非语法），终于验证了猜测。解题的核心是这样的：需要分析两种可能性

1）在外来主食引入之前，当地从来就没有过主食；

2）在外来主食引入之时，当地放弃了正在发展中的主食。

本题的正确答案是在描述此上的第2中情况，即选项A的表述。

特别需要指出的是：选项A中，that引导的定语从句they stopped cultivating once rice and yams were introduced 整体修饰 staple crops，

而并非that they stopped cultivating 单独修饰 staple crops. 如果理解为单独修饰，其结果就是感觉上答案A正确，但就是找不到充分的理由。

深入分析此题的意义在于，厘清模糊选择中的真正逻辑内涵。

欢迎继续指正！

谢！

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