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During the nineteenth century, occupational information about women that was provided by the United States census--a population count conducted each decade--became more detailed and precise in response to social changes. Through 1840, simple enumeration by household mirrored a home-based agricultural economy and hierarchical social order: the head of the household (presumed male or absent) was specified by name, whereas other household members were only indicated by the total number of persons counted in various categories, including occupational categories. Like farms, most enterprises were family-run, so that the census measured economic activity as an attribute of the entire household, rather than of individuals. The 1850 census, partly responding to antislavery and women's rights movements, initiated the collection of specific information about each individual in a household. Not until 1870 was occupational information analyzed by gender: the census superintendent reported 1.8 million women employed outside the home in "gainful and reputable occupations." In addition, he arbitrarily attributed to each family one woman "keeping house." Overlap between the two groups was not calculated until 1890, when the rapid entry of women into the paid labor force and social issues arising from industrialization were causing women's advocates and women statisticians to press for more thorough and accurate accounting of women's occupations and wages. 18-It can be inferred from the passage that the 1840 United States census provided a count of which of the following? A) Women who worked exclusively in the home B) Pepole engaged in nonfarming occupations C) Pepole engaged in social movements D) Women engaged in family-run enterprises E) Men engaged in agriculture 答案是B，我选的是E 解释说1840年提供的人口普查不是farming(count the head of the household) 就是nonfarming(whereas other household members were only indicated by the total number of person......including occupational categories). 那本题的意思不就是说那次的统计提供的都是哪些数据吗。为何只是统计非农的职业呢？请热心人帮忙解答。谢谢! | 
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发表于 2008-11-21 12:21:00
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