请教几个问题

1.白勇语法p308 no.38

For almost a hundred years after having its begining in 1778,England exiled some 160,000 criminal to Austualia.

(d)During a hundred years,a period begining in 1788,

(e)Over a period of a hundred years begining in 1788,

2.白勇语法p305.no.24

Archaeologists in Ireland believe that a recently discovered chalice,which dates from the eighth century,was probably buried to keep from being stolen by invaders.

(a) to keep from

(b)to keep it from

(c)to avoid

(d)in order that it would avoid

(e)in order to keep from

3.白勇语法p101 no.34

Japan received huges sums of capital from the United States after the Second World War,using it to help build a morden industrial system.

(a)Japan received huges sums of capital from the United States after the Second World War,using it to help build

(b)Japan received huges sums of capital from the United States after the Second World War and use it to help in building

(c)Japan used the huges sums of capital it received from the United States after the Second World War to help build

(d)Japan's huges sums of capital  received from the United States after the Second World War to help it in building

(e)receiving huges sums of capital from the United States after the Second World War, Japan used it to help build

第一题选e，为什么d不行呢？a period begining in 1788,独立主格结构，a period 指代 a hundred years。

第二题选(b)to keep it from，it是必须的吗？(c)to avoid也可以吧？

第三题选(c)Japan used the huges sums of capital it received from the United States after the Second World War to help build

a为什么不可以呢？it可以指代capital。

1.应该是begins吧

2.it是必需的，avoid感觉多用于人

3.应该用复数吧

原则就是一个：答案不一定是唯一正确，但是要找到最准确，最地道最合适的。

如果有X of Y的結構, it/they之類的指代都只能指代中心詞X.

下面是我google到的。觉得分析得比较好！

avoid 不对，是因为 avoid 是很主动的动词。which was buried to 的 to 后面是要一个动词，说明 buried 这个杯的人的动机。to keep it from being stolen 就是这样的一个动机。如果用 avoid 的话，因为那是非常主动的动词，所以只能说是 buried 的人去 avoid 什么，而不是那个杯 avoid 什么。但是 being stolen by invaders 不是施动者想要避免的。换句话来说，就是那些把杯埋藏的人这样做，目的是避免自己被人偷去了。这当然不是这句想要表达的。

原则就是一个：答案不一定是唯一正确，但是要找到最准确，最地道最合适的。