请教几个问题

littlesharon

1.白勇语法p308 no.38

For almost a hundred years after having its begining in 1778,England exiled some 160,000 criminal to Austualia.

(d)During a hundred years,a period begining in 1788,

(e)Over a period of a hundred years begining in 1788,

2.白勇语法p305.no.24

Archaeologists in Ireland believe that a recently discovered chalice,which dates from the eighth century,was probably buried to keep from being stolen by invaders.

(a) to keep from

(b)to keep it from

(c)to avoid

(d)in order that it would avoid

(e)in order to keep from

littlesharon

3.白勇语法p101 no.34

Japan received huges sums of capital from the United States after the Second World War,using it to help build a morden industrial system.

(a)Japan received huges sums of capital from the United States after the Second World War,using it to help build

(b)Japan received huges sums of capital from the United States after the Second World War and use it to help in building

(c)Japan used the huges sums of capital it received from the United States after the Second World War to help build

(d)Japan's huges sums of capital  received from the United States after the Second World War to help it in building

(e)receiving huges sums of capital from the United States after the Second World War, Japan used it to help build

littlesharon

第一题选e，为什么d不行呢？a period begining in 1788,独立主格结构，a period 指代 a hundred years。

第二题选(b)to keep it from，it是必须的吗？(c)to avoid也可以吧？

第三题选(c)Japan used the huges sums of capital it received from the United States after the Second World War to help build

a为什么不可以呢？it可以指代capital。

strawdog

以下是引用littlesharon在2008-9-25 22:47:00的发言：

第一题选e，为什么d不行呢？a period begining in 1788,独立主格结构，a period 指代 a hundred years。

第二题选(b)to keep it from，it是必须的吗？(c)to avoid也可以吧？

第三题选(c)Japan used the huges sums of capital it received from the United States after the Second World War to help build

a为什么不可以呢？it可以指代capital。

1.应该是begins吧

2.it是必需的，avoid感觉多用于人

3.应该用复数吧

原则就是一个：答案不一定是唯一正确，但是要找到最准确，最地道最合适的。

AlienX

LZ可以看看OG10 for #1 and #2.
#3可以看看OG86(大全上有OG86的explanation)

AlienX

umm...想補充一下#3, 順便大家討論一下
如果有X of Y的結構, it/they之類的指代都只能指代中心詞X.
有一道OG題的explanation有指出"them" (還是they...忘了), 不能指介詞的受詞...
大家討論一下
有例外的, 請post =)

littlesharon

如果有X of Y的結構, it/they之類的指代都只能指代中心詞X.

下面是我google到的。觉得分析得比较好！

avoid 不对，是因为 avoid 是很主动的动词。which was buried to 的 to 后面是要一个动词，说明 buried 这个杯的人的动机。to keep it from being stolen 就是这样的一个动机。如果用 avoid 的话，因为那是非常主动的动词，所以只能说是 buried 的人去 avoid 什么，而不是那个杯 avoid 什么。但是 being stolen by invaders 不是施动者想要避免的。换句话来说，就是那些把杯埋藏的人这样做，目的是避免自己被人偷去了。这当然不是这句想要表达的。

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-9-26 11:55:41编辑过]

littlesharon

Something 是不能 buried itself 的。就算是人，也不能 buried oneself 的，除非是象喻说法：In order to forget about his lost love, he buried himself in work.

Somebody buried something to avoid its being stolen 是很古怪，不是不太好，是太不好。Avoid 在这个语境里面用是很不舒服的，因为如我在上面所说，avoid 是很主动的行为，而这句要表达的却不是主动的动作，只是埋在泥土里面，免得别人抢去。Avoid 和 keep it from 在中文里面都是差不多的——避免、免得。但是在英文里面，却是大有分别。

在这个语境里面用 avoid，就是要说成这样的：The villagers had seen what the marauders did in Londonderry.  In order to avoid that fate, they immediately strengthened their bulwarks and posted sentries.  In addition, they buried all their treasures to keep them from being seized.

littlesharon

原则就是一个：答案不一定是唯一正确，但是要找到最准确，最地道最合适的。