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圓與圓錐曲線的一些公式

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楼主
发表于 2008-8-28 16:32:00 | 只看该作者

圓與圓錐曲線的一些公式

 P(x0,
y0)
與圓的相關位置

                

            


        


                    

                
                

            


        

平面上一點P(x0, y0)與圓的相關位置的判斷如下:
                

            


        

1.
                
P在圓內
                    

                
                    

                
                

            


        

2.
                
P在圓上
                    

                
                    

                
                

            


        

3.
                
P在圓外
                    

                
                    


        

 


        


                
                

            


        

  


        

 


        


                

            


        

圓與直線的關係
                    

                


        

直線L : ax + by + c = 0;圓C
                    

                  (r     
> 0)

                

            


        


                    

                
                

            


        

相離:d > r
                
                

            


        

相切:d = r
                    

                


        

相割:d < r
                

            


        

          


        



        


                

            


        

 拋物線的名詞
                

            


        

(1)對稱軸:過焦點垂直準線的直線。
                

            


        

(2)頂點:拋物線與對稱軸相交的點。
                

            


        

(3)焦距:焦點與頂點的距離。
                

            


        

(4)弦:拋物線上任意兩點的連線段。
                

            


        

(5)焦弦:通過焦點的弦。
                

            


        

(6)正焦弦:垂直對稱軸的焦弦。



[此贴子已经被作者于2008-8-28 16:33:11编辑过]
沙发
 楼主| 发表于 2008-8-28 16:37:00 | 只看该作者

 



                

            


        

 拋物線的標準方程式 
                

            


        

    
        
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
        

                        

方程式
                                

                            


                        

                        

y2 = 4cx
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        

對稱軸
                                

                            


                        

                        

y = 0
                                

                            


                        

                        

y = k
                                

                            


                        

                        

頂點
                                

                            


                        

                        

(0, 0)
                                

                            


                        

                        

(h, k)
                                

                            


                        

                        

焦點
                                

                            


                        

                        

(c, 0)
                                

                            


                        

                        

(c + h, k)
                                

                            


                        

                        

準線
                                

                            


                        

                        

x = -c
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        

正焦弦長
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                                
                                

                            


                        

    
        

 
                

            


        

    
        
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
        

                        

方程式
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        

對稱軸
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        

x = k
                                

                            


                        

                        

頂點
                                

                            


                        

                        

(0, 0)
                                

                            


                        

                        

(h, k)
                                

                            


                        

                        

焦點
                                

                            


                        

                        

(0, c)
                                

                            


                        

                        

(h, c + k)
                                

                            


                        

                        

準線
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        

正焦弦長
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                                
                                

                            


                        

    
        

                                                       

                

            


        

 
                

            


        

 橢圓的名詞
                

            


        

(1)對稱中心:兩焦點所連線段
                    

            
的中點,亦即兩對稱軸交點。
                

            


        

(2)頂點:橢圓圖形與兩對稱軸的交點。
                

            


        

(3)長軸:直線
                    

            
與圖形交點的連線段
                    

            

                

            


        

(4)短軸:過中心垂直長的直線與圖形交點所連線段
                    

            

                

            


        

(5)弦:橢圓上任意兩點所連線段。
                

            


        

(6)焦弦:通過焦點的弦。
                

            


        

(7)正焦弦:垂直長軸的焦弦。


        


                
   
                                                   


        

橢圓的標準方程式
                    

                


        

 
                

            


        

    
        
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
        

                        

橢圓方程式
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        

(1)對稱軸
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

      ,
                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        

x = h, y = k
                                

                            


                        

                        

(2)對稱中心
                                

                            


                        

                        

(0, 0)
                                

                            


                        

                        

(h, k)
                                

                            


                        

                        

(3)頂點
                                

                            


                        

                        

(
                                    

      , 0), (0,
                                    
   
      )

                                

                            


                        

                        

(
                                    

      , k),(h,
      
                                    

      )

                                

                            


                        

                        

(4)焦點
                                

                            


                        

                        

(
                                    

      , 0)

                                

                            


                        

                        

(
                                    

      ,k), c2
      = a2
-
                                b2
                            

                                

                            


                        

                        

(5)長軸長
                                

                            


                        

                        

2a
                                

                            


                        

                        

2a
                                

                            


                        

                        

(6)短軸長
                                

                            


                        

                        

2b
                                

                            


                        

                        

2b
                                

                            


                        

                        

(7)正焦弦長
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                                
                                

                            


                        

    
        

 
                

            


        

 
                

            


        

    
        
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
        

                        

 
                                

                            


                        

                        

 
                                

                            


                        

                        

 
                                

                            


                        

                        

橢圓方程式
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                    

(1)對稱軸
                                
                                

                            
                            


                    
                        

                        


                                    

      ,
                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        

x = h, y = k
                                

                            


                        

                        

(2)對稱中心
                                

                            


                        

                        

(0, 0)
                                

                            


                        

                        

(h, k)
                                

                            


                        

                        

(3)頂點
                                

                            


                        

                        

(
                                    

      , 0), (0,
                                    
   
      )

                                

                            


                        

                        

(
                                    

      , k),(h,
      
                                    

      )

                                

                            


                        

                        

(4)焦點
                                

                            


                        

                        

(0,
                                    
   
      )

                                

                            


                        

                        

(h,
                                    

      ), c2 = a2
      
-
                                b2
                            

                                

                            


                        

                        

(5)長軸長
                                

                            


                        

                        

2a
                                

                            


                        

                        

2a
                                

                            


                        

                        

(6)短軸長
                                

                            


                        

                        

2b
                                

                            


                        

                        

2b
                                

                            


                        

                        

(7)正焦弦長
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                                
                                

                            


                        

    
        

 
                

            


        

                                             


        

 

板凳
 楼主| 发表于 2008-8-28 16:37:00 | 只看该作者

雙曲線的名詞
                

            


        

(1)對稱中心:兩焦點所連線段
                    

            
的中點,亦即兩對稱軸交點。
                

            


        

(2)頂點:雙曲線圖形與
                    

            
相交的點。
                

            


        

(3)貫軸:兩頂點所連成的線段。
                

            


        

(4)共軛軸:過中心而垂直貫軸的直線上取點B,B¢對稱於中心,
                    

            
(其中
                    

            
),
                    

            
稱為共軛軸。
                

            


        

(5)弦:雙曲線上任意兩點所連線段。
                

            


        

(6)焦弦:通過焦點的弦。
                

            


        

(7)正焦弦:垂直貫軸的焦弦。
                

            


        

(8)焦軸:兩焦點距離。
                

            


        

(9)共軛雙曲線:貫軸、共軛軸互換之兩個雙曲線彼此為共軛雙曲線。
                

            


        



                

            


        

雙曲線的標準方程式
                    

                


        

    
        
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
        

                        

雙曲線方程式
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        

對稱軸
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

      ,
                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        

x = h, y = k
                                

                            


                        

                        

對稱中心
                                

                            


                        

                        

(0, 0)
                                

                            


                        

                        

(h, k)
                                

                            


                        

                        

頂點
                                

                            


                        

                        

(
                                    

      , 0)

                                

                            


                        

                        

(
                                    

      , k)

                                

                            


                        

                        

焦點
                                

                            


                        

                        

(
                                    

      , 0)

                                

                            


                        

                        

(
                                    

      , k), c2
      = a2
-
                                b2
                            

                                

                            


                        

                        

貫軸長
                                

                            


                        

                        

2a
                                

                            


                        

                        

2a
                                

                            


                        

                        

共軛軸長
                                

                            


                        

                        

2b
                                

                            


                        

                        

2b
                                

                            


                        

                        

正焦弦長
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        

共軛雙曲線
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                                
                                

                            


                        

    
        

 
                

            


        

 
                

            


        

    
        
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
            
                
                
                
            
        

                        

雙曲線方程式
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        

對稱軸
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

      ,
                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        

x = h, y = k
                                

                            


                        

                        

對稱中心
                                

                            


                        

                        

(0, 0)
                                

                            


                        

                        

(h, k)
                                

                            


                        

                        

頂點
                                

                            


                        

                        

(0,
                                    
   
      )

                                

                            


                        

                        

(h,
                                    

      )

                                

                            


                        

                        

焦點
                                

                            


                        

                        

(0,
                                    
   
      )

                                

                            


                        

                        

(h,
                                    

      ), c2 = a2
      
-
                                b2
                            

                                

                            


                        

                        

貫軸長
                                

                            


                        

                        

2a
                                

                            


                        

                        

2a
                                

                            


                        

                        

共軛軸長
                                

                            


                        

                        

2b
                                

                            


                        

                        

2b
                                

                            


                        

                        

正焦弦長
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        

共軛雙曲線
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

    
        



                

            


        

 雙曲線的漸近線
                

            


        

    
        
                
                
            
            
                
                
            
            
                
                
            
            
                
                
            
            
                
                
            
        

                        

雙曲線方程式
                                

                            


                        

                        

雙曲線漸近線
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                    

                                
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                                
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                    

                                
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                                
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                    

                                
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                                
                                

                            


                        

                        


                                    

                            

                                    

                            

                                

                            


                        

    
        

 

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