狒狒逻辑百思不得其解的一道题求助牛人

小妖藏尼 · 发表于 2010-9-16 21:11:57

Ordinary mountain sickness, a common condition among mountain climbers, and one from which most people can recover, is caused by the characteristic shortage of oxygen in the atmosphere at high altitudes. Cerebral edema, a rarer disruption of blood circulation in the brain that quickly becomes life-threatening if not correctly treated from its onset, can also be caused by a shortage of oxygen. Since the symptoms of cerebral edema resemble those of ordinary mountain sickness, cerebral edema is especially dangerous at high altitudes.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) The treatment for ordinary mountain sickness differs from the treatment for cerebral edema.
(B) Cerebral edema can cause those who suffer from it to slip into a coma within a few hours.
(C) Unlike cerebral edema, ordinary mountain sickness involves no disruption of blood circulation in the brain.
(D) Shortage of oxygen at extremely high altitude is likely to affect thinking processes and cause errors of judgment.
(E) Most people who suffer from ordinary mountain sickness recover without any special treatment.
答案选A 不明白

小妖藏尼 · 发表于 2010-9-16 21:19:23

24. The interstitial nucleus, a subregion of the brain’s hypothalamus, is typically smaller for male cats than for female cats. A neurobiologist performed autopsies on male cats who died from disease X, a disease affecting no more than .05 percent of male cats, and found that these male cats had interstitial nuclei that were as large as those generally found in female cats. Thus, the size of the interstitial nucleus determines whether or not male cats can contract disease X.
Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

(A) No female cats have been known to contract disease X, which is a subtype of disease Y.
(B) Many male cats who contract disease X also contract disease Z, the cause of which is unknown.
(C) the interstitial nuclei of female cats who contact disease X are larger than those of female cats who do not contract disease X.
(D) Of 1,000 autopsies on male cats who did not contract disease X, 5 revealed interstitial nuclei larger than those of the average male cat.
(E) The hypothalamus is known not to be causally linked to disease Y, and disease X is a subtype of disease Y.

想请问D为什么不对？既然说脑子大小不同就会得病，那么D说5个脑袋大的猫没得病不就削弱了么？

答案E

aomeisoft7 · 发表于 2010-9-18 01:13:32

Ordinary mountain sickness, a common condition among mountain climbers, and one from which most people can recover, is caused by the characteristic shortage of oxygen in the atmosphere at high altitudes. Cerebral edema, a rarer disruption of blood circulation in the brain that quickly becomes life-threatening if not correctly treated from its onset, can also be caused by a shortage of oxygen. Since the symptoms of cerebral edema resemble those of ordinary mountain sickness, cerebral edema is especially dangerous at high altitudes.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) The treatment for ordinary mountain sickness differs from the treatment for cerebral edema.
(B) Cerebral edema can cause those who suffer from it to slip into a coma within a few hours.
(C) Unlike cerebral edema, ordinary mountain sickness involves no disruption of blood circulation in the brain.
(D) Shortage of oxygen at extremely high altitude is likely to affect thinking processes and cause errors of judgment.
(E) Most people who suffer from ordinary mountain sickness recover without any special treatment.

假设题，取非削弱结论
A选项取非：普通高山病和cerebral edema治疗方法相同。推出来cerebral edema不会成为非常dangerous的病，因为可以被治好啊，削弱结论。所以A必为假设
Bcerebral edema使人在几小时内昏迷。假设是说，为推出结论必然存在的结论。显然这个不对
C选项重点是ordinary mountain sickness，而结论是cerebral edema是危险的，不能成为假设
Dshortage of oxygen对普通高山病和cerebral edema影响是一样的
E和C错误点一样

aomeisoft7 · 发表于 2010-9-18 01:25:08

24. The interstitial nucleus, a subregion of the brain’s hypothalamus, is typically smaller for male cats than for female cats. A neurobiologist performed autopsies on male cats who died from disease X, a disease affecting no more than .05 percent of male cats, and found that these male cats had interstitial nuclei that were as large as those generally found in female cats. Thus, the size of the interstitial nucleus determines whether or not male cats can contract disease X.
Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

(A) No female cats have been known to contract disease X, which is a subtype of disease Y.
(B) Many male cats who contract disease X also contract disease Z, the cause of which is unknown.
(C) the interstitial nuclei of female cats who contact disease X are larger than those of female cats who do not contract disease X.
(D) Of 1,000 autopsies on male cats who did not contract disease X, 5 revealed interstitial nuclei larger than those of the average male cat.
(E) The hypothalamus is known not to be causally linked to disease Y, and disease X is a subtype of disease Y.

想请问D为什么不对？既然说脑子大小不同就会得病，那么D说5个脑袋大的猫没得病不就削弱了么？

答案E

题目的因果关系很明显有漏洞，发病了的猫，subregion比普通的大，结论》subregion比普通的大，导致这个猫发病
很有可能是因为猫病了，导致subregion变大

像D选项这种所有带具体数字的都不要选，因为样本是少数，不能代表整体的

小妖藏尼 · 发表于 2010-9-19 23:06:51

可是E为什么对啊不明白

chuchu3210 · 发表于 2010-10-12 11:05:32

E上面不是说X是Y疾病的subtype，那么不造成Y病也就不会有X病了

狒狒逻辑百思不得其解的一道题求助牛人

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狒狒逻辑百思不得其解的一道题求助牛人