黑脸题大破解（6）

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GWD5-Q19: (C)

Historian:  In the
Drindian Empire, censuses were conducted annually to determine the population
of each village.  Village census records for the last half of the 1600’s are remarkably complete.  This very completeness makes one point stand
out; in five different years, villages overwhelmingly reported significant
population declines.  Tellingly, each of
those five years immediately followed an increase in a certain Drindian tax.  This tax, which was assessed on villages, was
computed by the central government using the annual census figures.  Obviously, whenever the tax went up, villages
had an especially powerful economic incentive to minimize the number of people
they recorded; and concealing the size of a village’s population from government
census takers would have been easy. 
Therefore, it is reasonable to think that the reported declines did not happen.

In the historian’s argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following
roles?

1. The first supplies a
        context for the historian’s argument; the second acknowledges a
        consideration that has been used to argue against the position the
        historian seeks to establish.
2. The first presents
        evidence to support the position that the historian seeks to establish;
        the second acknowledges a consideration that has been used to argue
        against that position.
3. The first provides a
        context for certain evidence that supports the position that the historian
        seeks to establish; the second is that position.
4. The first is a
        position for which the historian argues; the second is an assumption that
        serves as the basis of that argument.
5. The first is an
        assumption that the historian explicitly makes in arguing for a certain
        position; the second acknowledges a consideration that calls that
        assumption into question.

1）
                作者：historian

2）结论：Therefore, it is reasonable to think that the reported declines did not happen.

3）逻辑：In DE 每年人口普查，这个时间段的记录很完整——》完整的数据显示人口急剧下降，同时伴随税务加重——》税的计算基于人口——》显然，人们很容易虚报人口逃避税务——》所以，人口很可能没有下降

4）consideration: 一个因素一个事实

   Assumption：
        假定

   Evidence：事实证据

   Context：背景情况

1）
                联系：2）知，2是结论，排除ABDE， C正确

1是一个背景前提，而不是全部的evidence