1. ASSUMPTION An assumption is something that must be true in order for the argument’s conclusion to be established by the evidence the argument gives.
所以assumption的实质是必要条件.
1.1取非型 理论根据: 如果B是A的必要条件,即A->B 同时应该满足 ~B->~A, 即假设如果不成立,原结论也不成立.
例子:
OG8. To prevent some conflicts of interest, Congress could prohibit high-level government officials from accepting positions as lobbyists for three years after such officials leave government service. One such official concluded, however, that such a prohibition would be unfortunate because it would prevent high-level government officials from earning a livelihood for three years. The official’s conclusion logically depends on which of the following assumptions? A. Laws should not restrict the behavior of former government officials. B. Lobbyists are typically people who have previously been high-level government officials. C. Low-level government officials do not often become lobbyists when they leave government service. D. High-level government officials who leave government service are capable of earning a livelihood only as lobbyists. D E. High-level government officials who leave government service are currently permitted to act as lobbyists for only three years.
理论上所有的assumption选项都可以用取非验证. 实战中取非只用于验证或者剔除候选选项.
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