本来觉得自己的阅读还不错，结果做了几套GWD，阅读狂错，而且是连错。不得不重新审视我的阅读水平。下面是我看了前人的经验，做阅读时所按照的方法. 大家觉得我在这个基础上怎么提高呢？ 小安阅读法我看了一下，不太懂。。。所以就自行凭感觉了。。。
阅读方法
1. 不要回读，文章尽量只读一遍。很多人都说要skim the passage, 而不读全文. 我不完全赞同，我感觉很多时候如果只是看看每段的中心句草草掠过文章会导致一些理解上的问题，这样的话总会有一些问题做错。认真地快速的通读全文，花大概3分钟时间，不要回读，宁愿读的稍慢也不要报以看不懂可以再读一遍的心态。即使一遍读完仍然不知所云，也不要再读了，试着开始做题。
2. (Optional) 做简单的笔记。A 读文章的同时，一边可以大致记下笔记，
一下几个方面各写几个字就可以了： A)Main Idea/Primary Purpose, B) Organization/Structure of the passage, C) the Tone or Attitude of the author。不要花太多时间在这个上面，30秒的时间吧。
3. 作者态度题一般都比较中庸，不会走太偏激的路线。
ETS 阅读材料的来源都是一些权威杂志，所以一般来说文章都比较balanced and moderate. 特别是关于minorities or ethnic groups 的通常都是positive的或者表示同情的。
4. 注意structural words ，文章的过度转折递进关系
接着前面的讲 | 作总结归纳 | 转折
| § Similarly § Moreover § Additionally § In addition § In the same way § Likewise etc | § Thus § Therefore § Hence § So § In summary § In conclusion § ...indicates that...
etc
| §
Neverthless §
Nonetheless §
However §
But §
Although §
Though §
Even though §
Notwithstanding §
Yet §
Despite §
In spite of §
On the one hand…on the other hand §
While §
Unlike §
Traditional view / Modern View §
Before /After §
Generally §
Most people think… §Instead §Contrary to.... §Rather...
etc.
|
5. 回到原文找答案。我们很多人都习惯靠自己的记忆回答，这样是不对的。ETS出那么多细节题就是为了挖坑给这种人。能在原文找到根据再答题。十有八九问题可以在原文找到答案。
1. Main Idea/Primary Purpose
Main Idea
§ "Which of the following most accurately/best states the main idea of the passage?" § "Which of the following most accurately states the main idea of the passage?" § "Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?" § "The main topic of the passage is...." § “The main point made by the passage is that...” § Etc.
Primary Purpose
§ "The primary purpose of the passage is to (propose)..." § "The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is to..." § "The primary focus of this passage is on which of the following?" § "The author of the passage is primarily concerned with ... (doing which of the following)?” § "In the passage, the author is primarily interested in...." § "The passage is primarily concerned with which of the following?" § “The passage is chiefly concerned with...” § Etc.
做Main Idea类型题目: 注意第一段和最后一段。注意总结性的词语，比如：therefore, thus, so, hence, In conclusion..etc. 一般答案是文章中的中心句的改写。Main Idea 不一定都直接可以在文章中找到，遇到这种情况的时候，注意每段首句，以及首段和尾段的第一句和最后一句。重点是理清文章的
general structure，搞清楚了文章的脉络, 排除范围太广或者太窄的选项。i.e. answer choices that go beyond the content of the passage, or that deal with content only discussed in one paragraph of the passage.
做Primary Purpose类型题目: Author的目的是什么? 如果作者是在evaluating a theory, 那正确的选项一般是关于什么什么的interpretation. 值得注意的是因为作者是谈论ONE theory, 所以选项里应该是"an interpretation"。
若文章是评论两本书，那作者的intention/primary purpose一般是"Critique
studies。。。". 做题的方法和main idea相似, 注意每段首句，以及首段和尾段的第一句和最后一句。
搞清楚文章结构是做好这两类题目的关键。此外，
main idea or primary purpose 题型的正确选项does not go beyond the scope of the passage, nor does it limit itself to discussing only one part of the passage.
（排除法在这里很管用）
2. Title Questions
"Which of the following titles best summarizes the passage as a whole?"
做这类题目其实就是做main idea类型题目。
3. Specific Detail or Target
"According to the passage,...."
"The passage states that ...."
这类细节题目通常以Number, Name or Date作为突破口. 根据时间，人名或数字在这些词句附近找答案。正确选项通常是原文的变体。
4. Inference or Assumption
§ "It can be inferred that the author makes which of the following assumptions?" § "Which is an assumption underlying the last sentence of the passage?" § "Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the hypothesis mentioned in lines ##-##?"
这种题型可以先作为Specific Target question来看. 找到文中的target, 根据附近的句子推导
。注意不要推导过了， only one or two logical steps removed from the information in the passage. 注意那些violate or contradict 文章Main Idea的选项
通常都是错误选项。
5. Attitude or Tone of the passage
"The author's attitude towards 。。。could best be described as one of ..."
这种题型的话，look for descriptive words, adjectives or adverbs。例如，unfortunately，flaw
表明作者态度是 negative的, 而strength，或valuable
强调positive. 再比如作者用presumably, 则表示不确定，只是推测很可能是这样。。。 一般来说，太偏激的选项可以排除。
6. Organization of the passage
§ "Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?" § "Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the passage?" § "One function of the third paragraph is to...."
这类题目如果问全文的结构，那其实就是作main idea的方法。
如果要求是关于某段的结构分析，读第一，二句，根据一些过渡词，基本上就知道structure了。 | 
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发表于 2007-12-6 11:03:00
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