[求助]请教各位大牛两道逻辑！

Legislator: We should not waste any more of the taxpayers' money on the government's job-creation program. The unemployment rate in this country has actually risen since the program was began, so the program has clearly been a failure.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the legislatior's argument depends?

A. The budget of the job-creation program has typically increased every year.

B. The unemployment rate would not have risen even more than it has if the job-creation program has not been existence.

C. The unemployment rate is higher now than at any time before the inception of the job-creation program.

D. If the job-creation program had been run more efficiently, it could have better served its purpose.

E. Other government programs are no more effective in reducing unemployment than is the job-creation program.

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正确答案：B

我选的：C

迷茫：如果能够说明现在失业率比就业项目开始之前的任何时候都高，不就能说明这个项目是失败的么？C错在哪里？

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When amphibians first appeared on Earth millions of years ago, the amount of ultraviolet radiation penetrating Earth's atmosphere was much greater than it is today. Therefore, current dramatic decreases in amphibian populations cannot be the result of recent increases in ultraviolet radiation penetrating Earth's atmosphere.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A. The eggs of modern amphibians are not significantly more vulnerable to ultraviolet radiation than the eggs of the first amphibians were.

B. Modern amphibians are not as likely as the first amphibians were to live in habitats that shield them from ultraviolet radiation.

C. Populations of modern amphibians are not able to adapt to changing levels of radiation as readily as population of early amphibians were.

D.The skin of amphibians is generally more sensitive to ultraviolet radiation than the skin of other animals is.

E. The skin of amphibians is generally less sensitive to ultraviolet radiation than to other types of radiation.

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正确答案：A

我选的：E

这个和两栖动物的卵有什么关系，不是应该说明这些动物对紫外线不敏感吗？

请各位大虾解答！

第一道题：

判断这个项目是否成功不能这么绝对，对于缓解失业率问题来说，只要达到以下两个目标之一就不能说它是完全失败的：
1) 在之前失业率比较平稳的情况下逐步降低失业率
2) 在失业率在递增的情况下降低其递增的速度， 比如将失业率的递增速度从每年递增3%降低到1%。

很显然，那位议员由1)里的假设从而也有1)里的期望。B对应了这一点。

C）在我看来最大的问题是里面的at any time。在议员做出这个判断是他的依据是项目开始时的那个点而不是之前所有的历史。如果把这个选项改成目前的失业率高于项目开始后的任一点那就值得我们好好考虑了。

第二道题：

一个物种的数量降低原因可以归纳为两个：1）出生率降低；2）死亡率提高或者说寿命降低。在考虑紫外线影响的时候也需要考虑这两个因素。我们一个个的分析选项

A）要证明与紫外线无关，那么就要证明1）和2）都与紫外线无关。这里提到了1）没看到明显问题，所以先放着。
B）因为题目中已经提到了之前的大气层中紫外线穿透率是要高于现在的。而且作者也是像证明之前的两栖动物直接面对紫外线的能力，所以跟他们的栖息地对紫外线的隔离能力没有关系。 -- Out
C）现代的两栖动物对紫外线变化的适应能力不如古代的两栖动物。-- 这用来argue作者的论点刚好，显然不是他的假设。
D）无关。因为不是在将两栖动物和其他动物做比较
E）两栖动物的皮肤对于紫外线的敏感度要低于对其他的射线。 --- 可以用来说明导致他们数量降低的凶手可能另有其人，但没法用来支持作者的论点。如果这里的less sensitive改成more sensitive的话应该就对了。

所以总结下来也就A）扯上点关系虽然也有点勉强。只能假设蛋被紫外线照了后会导致孵不出来小动物。