GWD9-6 (no discuss )

By the sixteenth century, the Incas

of South America ruled an empire that

extended along the Pacific coast and

Line      Andean highlands from what is now

(5)       Ecuador to central Chile. While most

of the Incas were self-sufficient

agriculturists, the inhabitants of the

highland basins above 9,000 feet were

constrained by the kinds of crops they

(10)      could cultivate. Whereas 95 percent

of the principal Andean food crops can

be cultivated below 3,000 feet, only

20 percent reproduce readily above

9,000 feet. Given this unequal

(15)      resource distribution, highland Incas

needed access to the products of

lower, warmer climatic zones in order

to enlarge the variety and quantity of

their foodstuffs. In most of the prein-

(20)      dustrial world, the problem of different

resource distribution was resolved by

long-distance trade networks over

which the end consumer exercised

little control. Although the peoples

(25)      of the Andean highlands participated

in such networks, they relied primarily

on the maintenance of autonomous

production forces in as many eco-

logical zones as possible. The

(30)      commodities produced in these

zones were extracted, processed,

and transported entirely by members

of a single group.

This strategy of direct access

(35)      to a maximum number of ecological

zones by a single group is called

vertical economy. Even today,

one can see Andean communities

maintaining use rights simultaneously

(40)      to pasturelands above 12,000 feet, to

potato fields in basins over 9,000 feet,

and to plots of warm-land crops in

regions below 6,000 feet. This

strategy has two principal variations.

(45)      The first is “compressed verticality,”

in which a single village resides in

a location that permits easy access

to closely located ecological zones.

Different crop zones or pasturelands

(50)      are located within a few days walk of

the parent community. Community

members may reside temporarily

in one of the lower zones to manage

the extraction of products unavailable

(55)      in the homeland. In the second variation,

called the “vertical archipelago,”

the village exploits resources in widely

dispersed locations, constituting a

series of independent production

(60)       “islands.” In certain pre-Columbian

Inca societies, groups were sent from

the home territory to establish permanent

satellite communities or colonies

in distant tropical forests or coastal

(65)       locations. There the colonists grew

crops and extracted products for their

own use and for transshipment back

to their high-altitude compatriots.

In contrast to the compressed

(70)      verticality system, in this system,

commodities rather than people

circulated through the archipelago.

GWD-9-Q6 N-17-Q7 G-9-Q6:

The passage suggests that as a way of addressing the problem of different resource distribution in the preindustrial world, the practice of vertical economy differed from the use of long-distance trade networks in that vertical economy allowed

1. commodities to reach the end consumer faster

2. a wide variety of agricultural goods to reach the end consumer

3. a single group to maintain control over the production process

4. greater access to commodities from lower, warmer climatic zones

5. greater use of self-sufficient agricultural techniques

有颜色的那部分不是说明了吗? 怎么是difference啊?不懂啊

In most of the prein-
(20)      dustrial world, the problem of different
resource distribution was resolved by
long-distance trade networks over
which the end consumer exercised little control.
                

这句是它的答案.  vertical economy 和 long-distance trade network 不一样因为 VE 让顾客有了对食物的控制, 要什么有什么, 不要rely在trade network le.