gwd-19-21

  In the 1930’s and 1940’s,

         African American industrial

         workers in the southern United

Line  States, who constituted 80 per-

  (5)  cent of the unskilled factory labor

force there, strongly supported

unionization.  While the American

Federation of Labor (AFL) either

excluded African Americans or

 (10)  maintained racially segregated

unions, the Congress of Industrial

Organizations (CIO) organized

integrated unions nationwide on the

basis of a stated policy of equal

 (15)  rights for all, and African American

unionists provided the CIO’s back-

bone.  Yet it can be argued that

through contracts negotiated and

enforced by White union mem-

 (20)  bers, unions—CIO unions not

         excluded—were often instrumen-

         tal in maintaining the occupational

segregation and other forms of

racial discrimination that kept

 (25)  African Americans socially and

economically oppressed during

this period.  However, recognizing

employers’ power over workers

as a central factor in African

 (30)  Americans’ economic marginal-

ization, African American workers

saw the need to join with White

     workers in seeking change despite

White unionists’ toleration of or

 (35) support for racial discrimination.

The persistent efforts of African

American unionists eventually paid

off:  many became highly effective

        organizers, gaining the respect of

 (40)     even racist White unionists by win-

ning victories for White as well as

African American workers.  African

American unionists thus succeeded

in strengthening the unions while

 (45)  using them as instruments of

African Americans’ economic

empowerment.

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Q21:

The passage is primarily concerned with

1. demonstrating that unions failed to address the concerns of African American workers during a particular period

2. arguing that African American workers’ participation in unions during a particular period was ultimately beneficial to them

3. contrasting the treatment of African American workers by two different labor organizations during a particular period

4. giving reasons for the success of African American unionists in winning victories for both African American and White workers during a particular period

5. questioning one explanation for the attitudes of African American workers toward unionization during a particular period

答案是B，我选的d，其实觉得哪个都不对似的。。。

  In the 1930’s and 1940’s,

         African American industrial

         workers in the southern United

Line  States, who constituted 80 per-

  (5)  cent of the unskilled factory labor

force there, strongly supported

unionization.  While the American

Federation of Labor (AFL) either

excluded African Americans or

 (10)  maintained racially segregated

unions, the Congress of Industrial

Organizations (CIO) organized

integrated unions nationwide on the

basis of a stated policy of equal

 (15)  rights for all, and African American

unionists provided the

bone.  CIO’s back-占80%的AA工人支持工会组织，但AFL或者排斥他们，或者搞有种族歧义的工会。CIO本着人人平等的政策组织全国范围的工会，所以AA工会就成了CIO的支柱（因为AA工人多）。

Yet it can be argued that

through contracts negotiated and

enforced by White union mem-

 (20)  bers, unions—CIO unions not

         excluded—were often instrumen-

         tal in maintaining the occupational

segregation and other forms of

racial discrimination that kept

 (25)  African Americans socially and

economically oppressed during

this period.  然而CIO也有白人工会，这些白人工会会员所签署和强化的contracts往往是导致职业分歧和其它种族歧视存在的基本原因，这些种族歧视使AA工人在这段期间的经济和社会地位oppressed。

However, recognizing

employers’ power over workers

as a central factor in African

 (30)  Americans’ economic marginal-

ization, African American workers

saw the need to join with White workers in seeking change despite

White unionists’ toleration of or

 (35) support for racial discrimination.

了解到雇主们的权力是决定AA工人社会和经济地位的主要因素后，他们就意识到与白人联盟寻求改变（经济社会地位改变）的必要性，尽管白人还在搞种族歧视。

The persistent efforts of African

American unionists eventually paid

off:  many became highly effective

        organizers, gaining the respect of

 (40)     even racist White unionists by win-

ning victories for White as well as

African American workers.  African

American unionists thus succeeded

in strengthening the unions while

 (45)  using them as instruments of

African Americans’ economic

empowerment.后面就是讲AA的作法最终有了回报123。

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Q21:

The passage is primarily concerned with

1. contrasting the treatment of African American workers by two different labor organizations during a particular period

2. giving reasons for the success of African American unionists in winning victories for both African American and White workers during a particular period其实原文没有讲这种联盟success的原因，在讲payoff之前都是在叙述一些背景及联盟的原因（注意不是success的原因，联盟了不一定success in winning for both...and...）

1. questioning one explanation for the attitudes of African American workers toward unionization during a particular period

答案是B，我选的d，其实觉得哪个都不对似的。。。

排版很糟糕，LZ将就着吧。

讲得很清楚~~感动ing~~