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4道没明白的题,请高手指点

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楼主
发表于 2003-11-2 21:15:00 | 只看该作者

4道没明白的题,请高手指点

1 If A, then B.
If B, then C.
If C, then D.
If all of the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true?
(A) If D, then A.
(B) If not B, then not C.
(C) If not D, then not A.
(D) If D, then E.
(E) If not A, then not D.
答案: C  为什么啊?

2 In the years since the city of London imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry, the number of bird species seen in and around London has increased dramatically. Similar air-pollution rules should be imposed in other major cities.
Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument above EXCEPT:
(A) In most major cities, air-pollution problems are caused almost entirely by local industry.
(B) Air-pollution regulations on industry have a significant impact on the quality of the air.
(C) The air-pollution problems of other major cities are basically similar to those once suffered by London.
(D) An increase in the number of bird species in and around a city is desirable.
(E) The increased sightings of bird species in and around London reflect an actual increase in the number of species in the area.
答案: A  为什么啊?

3 In many surveys, American consumers have expressed a willingness to spend up to 10 percent more for products that are ecologically sound. Encouraged by such surveys, Bleach-O Corporation promoted a new laundry detergent, Bleach-O Green, as safer for the environment. Bleach-O Green cost 5 percent more than typical detergents. After one year, Bleach-O Green had failed to capture a significant share of the detergent market and was withdrawn from sale.
Which of the following questions is LEAST likely to be relevant in determining the reasons for the failure of Bleach-O Green?
(A) How effective as a detergent was Bleach-O Green?
(B) How many other detergents on the market were promoted as safe for the environment?
(C) How much more did Bleach-O Green cost to manufacture than ordinary detergents?
(D) To what extent did consumers accept the validity of Bleach-O Green advertised and promoted to consumers?
(E) How effectively was Bleach-O Green advertised and promoted to consumers?
答案: C  为什么啊?

4 Which of the following is the most logical completion of the passage below?
Many companies have been pushing for a three-week extension of daylight saving time, which would mean that the sun would continue to set an hour later during the fall months. The owners of a chain of convenience stores, for example, expect to gain $15 million a year in additional sales, mostly from people who tend to______
(A) stay away from these stores after dark
(B) stay outdoors during the fall months
(C) spend more money in the fall
(D) spend less money in the fall
(E) shop at these stores when they are pressed for time
答案: A  为什么啊?

沙发
发表于 2003-11-2 23:31:00 | 只看该作者
1。 由题意知 A->D 其等价命题是逆否命题 即not D-> not A.

2。 A取非 air-pollution problems are not caused entirely by local industry 但是还是有一些是caused by local industry的 所以不能否定原结论 所以不是假设

3。 原文已经指出了消费者愿意为环保类产品支付更高的价钱 所以cost不是决定因素 而且原文已经说了新产品的cost比一般产品高5%

4。 原文说fall months 太阳落山时间晚 所以商店可以从那些一旦天黑就不愿再逛商店的人身上增加销售 (因为天黑的时间晚 白天的时间多了)
板凳
发表于 2003-11-3 00:12:00 | 只看该作者
请问;类似于本贴中第一题那样的题目应该有怎样的解法。就是说怎样判别等价命题等等
请指教
谢谢
地板
发表于 2003-11-3 18:13:00 | 只看该作者
以下是引用深海的小美人鱼在2003-11-3 0:12:00的发言:
请问;类似于本贴中第一题那样的题目应该有怎样的解法。就是说怎样判别等价命题等等
请指教
谢谢


一个命题与其逆否命题等价是基本定律
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