A significant number of complex repair jobs carried out by Ace Repairs have to be reworked under the company’s warranty.  The reworked jobs are invariably satisfactory.  When initial repairs are inadequate, therefore, it is not because the mechanics lack competence; rather, there is clearly a level of focused concentration that complex repairs require that is elicited more reliably by rework jobs than by first-time jobs.

The argument above assumes which of the following?

1. There is no systematic difference in membership between the group of mechanics who do first-time jobs and the group of those who do rework jobs.
2. There is no company that successfully competes with Ace Repairs for complex repair jobs.
3. Ace Repairs’ warranty is good on first-time jobs but does not cover rework jobs.
4. Ace Repairs does not in any way penalize mechanics who have worked on complex repair jobs that later had to be reworked.
5. There is no category of repair jobs in which Ace Repairs invariably carries out first-time jobs satisfactorily.

没看明白这道题，为什么选a?

1.         GWD-17-Q39

Which of the following most logically completes the passage?

On the whole, scientists do their most creative work before age forty, a tendency that has been taken to show that aging carries with it a loss of creative capacity.  An alternative explanation is that by age forty most scientists have worked in their field for fifteen or more years and that by then they have exhausted the opportunity for creative work in that field.  Supporting this explanation is the finding that ______.

1. the average age of recipients of scientific research grants is significantly greater than forty
2. a disproportionately large number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond age forty entered their field at an older age than is common
3. many scientists temper their own expectations of what they can achieve in their research work by their belief that their creativity will decline as they age
4. scientists who are older than forty tend to find more satisfaction in other activities, such as teaching and mentoring, than they do in pursuing their own research
5. there is a similar diminution of creativity with age in nonscientific fields, such as poetry and musical composition

为什么选b而不选d?

Magazine Publisher:  Our magazine does not have a liberal bias.  It is true that when a book review we had commissioned last year turned out to express distinctly conservative views, we did not publish it until we had also obtained a second review that took a strongly liberal position.  Clearly, however, our actions demonstrate not a bias in favor of liberal views but rather a commitment to a balanced presentation of diverse opinions.

Determining which of the following would be most useful in evaluating the cogency of the magazine publisher’s response?

1. Whether any other magazines in which the book was reviewed carried more than one review of the book
2. Whether the magazine publishes unsolicited book reviews as well as those that it has commissioned
3. Whether in the event that a first review commissioned by the magazine takes a clearly liberal position the magazine would make any efforts to obtain further reviews
4. Whether the book that was the subject of the two reviews was itself written from a clearly conservative or a clearly liberal point of view
5. Whether most of the readers of the magazine regularly read the book reviews that the magazine publishes

为什么选C?

希望有人回答一下，谢谢。。

建议你做逻辑的时候关注题干的中心 & 结论的重心 & 问题的重心。

把握好这三项，你的正确率会很快提高，且极少被误导。

如果发现自己的选项有偏差，试着从这三项寻求答案，看是否被枝节误导

一家之言，共同进步！

first question:

looking through the argument and finding the conclusion that it is not because the mechanics lack competence rather than there is clearly a level of focused concentration .

Choice A says that there is no systematic difference in membership between the group of mechanics who do first-time jobs and the group of those who do rework jobs.That means it's not fault of the group of mechanics who do first-time jobs that caused the rework.If you negate choice A,you would found it will weaken the conculsion for sure.

Second question:

Conculsion:   An alternative explanation is that by age forty most scientists have worked in their field for fifteen or more years and that by then they have exhausted the opportunity for creative work in that field. 

That means within fifiteen or more years working ,scientists will drop out their opportunities for creative work.

In choice B,which indicates that scientists who made their creative work beyond 40 entered science field at an old age.That means they have not worked in their field for fifteen ot more years so they have not exhausted the opportunities.So B is the answer.

Third question:

Found out the conclusion :Our actions demonstrate not a bias in favor of liberal views but rather a commitment to a balanced presentation of diverse opinions.

And we found that when they have the conservative opinion ,they didn't publish the book untill they got the liberal ones.But how about recieving the liberal opinion first?Whether they will wait and get a conservative ones to get a balanced presentation of diverse opinions?

So C is the ansewer.