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Although parapsychology is often considered a pseudoscience, it is in fact a genuine scientific enterprise, for it uses scientific methods such as controlled experiments and statistical tests of clearly stated hypotheses to examine the questions it raises.

The conclusion above is properly drawn if which of the following is assumed?

正确答案: D

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11thOG-97

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楼主
发表于 2009-7-19 21:59:00 | 只看该作者

11thOG-97

97.Although parapsychology is often considered a pseudoscience, it is in fact a genuine scientific enterprise, for it uses scientific methods such as controlled experiments and statistical tests of clearly stated hypotheses to examine the questions it raises.

 

The conclusion above is properly drawn if which of the following is assumed?

 

(A)  If a field of study can conclusively answer the questions it raises, then it is a genuine science.

(B)  Since parapsychology uses scientific methods, it will produce credible results.

(C)  Any enterprise that does not use controlled experiments and statistical tests is not genuine science.

(D)  Any field of study that employs scientific methods is a genuine scientific enterprise.
        

(E)  Since parapsychology raises clearly statable questions, they can be tested in controlled experiments.

答案是(D)

我想问下(C)为什么不对呢?这不是一个逆否命题吗?

还有(A)不对在OG里的解释看的不是很理解,“can conclusively answer the questions it raises”哪里反映了“how well they are answered ”

谢谢各位的解答了

沙发
发表于 2009-7-20 03:21:00 | 只看该作者
原问是说,P不是伪科学而是真科学,因为它用了科学的方法比如。。。换句话说,由“它用了科学的方法”这一点理由就得出了“它是真科学”这个结论。那就是符合D的说法“任何一个使用真科学的方法的研究都是真科学”。这个D不是逆否命题,是直接重复原文的逻辑。C是D的否命题。C意思是“任何一个不使用controlled experiments(文中一个真科学方法的例子)的研究都不是真科学”由原命题推不出否命题来。A选项是无关选项。
板凳
 楼主| 发表于 2009-7-21 00:50:00 | 只看该作者

嗯嗯,谢谢。

我想问下,这个A怎么看出是无关项呢

地板
发表于 2009-7-21 01:38:00 | 只看该作者

D.

This is a very good paradox question.

C is typically incorrect.

A can generate B, which doesn't necessarily guarantee that anti-A can generate anti-B.

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