18. In clinical trials of new medicines, half of the subjects receive the drug being tested and half receive a physiologically inert substance – a placebo. Trials are designed with the intention that neither subjects nor experimenters will find out which subjects are actually being given the drug being tested. However, this intention is frequently frustrated because ____.
Which one of the following, if true, most appropriately completes the explanation?
(A) often the subjects who receive the drug being tested develop symptoms that the experimenters recognize as side effects of the physiologically active drug (B) subjects who believe they are receiving the drug being tested often display improvements in theirconditions regardless of whether what is administered to them is physiologically active or not (C) in general, when the trial is intended to establish the experimental drug’s safety rather than its effectiveness, all of the subjects are healthy (D) when a trial runs a long time, few of the experimenters will work on it from inception to conclusion (E) the people who are subjects for clinical trials must, by law, be volunteers and must be informed of the possibility that they will receive a placebo
24. One sure way you can tell how quickly a new idea – for example, the idea of “privatization” – is taking hold among the population is to monitor how fast the word or words expressing that particular idea are passing into common usage. Professional opinions of whether or not words can indeed be said to have passed into common usage are available from dictionary editors, who are vitally concerned with this question.
The method described above for determining how quickly a new idea is taking hold relies on which one of the following assumptions?
(A) Dictionary editors are not professionally interested in words that are only rarely used. (B) Dictionary editors have exact numerical criteria for telling when a word has passed into common usage. (C) For a new idea to take hold, dictionary editors have to include the relevant word or words in their dictionaries. (D) As a word passes into common usages, its meaning does not undergo any severe distortions in the process. (E) Words denoting new ideas tend to be used before the ideas denoted are understood.
答案D，我觉得应为A：D好像out of scope，而A说明了dictionary editor可以作为标准。
18. 我不知道你为什么要选E,E是无关选项。就是说the people who are subjects for clinical trials 是不是自愿或者must be informed of the possibility that they will receive a placebo。原文中根本没有提到这些信息。但是A选项很好，说experimenter能认识那些因为被注射了那种试验的drug而得的symptoms，并把这些symptoms 当成是side effects of the physiologically active drug。而 a placebo是a physiologically inert substance。这样把placebo与那种试验的drug区分开来。
因为吃了试验drug的subject和吃placebo的subject都display improvements in theirconditions regardless of whether what is administered to them is physiologically active or not。那么实验就frustrated
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发表于 2003-6-2 07:19:00
发表于 2006-9-7 11:11:00
