请教大全 Test1,2-18,16

TEST1

18.Critics of sales seminars run by outside consultants point out that since 1987, revenues of vacuum cleaner companies whose employees attended consultant-led seminars were lower than revenues of vacuum cleaner companies whose employees did not attend such seminars. The critics charge that for vacuum cleaner companies, the sales seminars are ill conceived and a waste of money.

Which of the following, if true, is the most effective challenge to the critics of sales seminars?

(A) Those vacuum cleaner companies whose sales were highest prior to 1987 are the only companies that did not send employees to the seminars.

请问这选项是怎么weaken原命题的？

TEST 2

16

Instead of blaming an airline accident on pilot error, investigators should find out why the error was made by analyzing airplane design, airline management, and pilot-training programs. For only then can changes be made to ensure that the same type of error does not recur and cause another accident.

Which of the following is a presupposition of the argument above?

(A) Pilot error is not a contributing factor in most airline accidents.

.

(D) Investigators of airline accidents should contribute to the prevention of future accidents.（D）

我选的是A，请帮忙解释下为何D是正确答案？谢谢。。。

Instead of blaming an airline accident on pilot error, investigators should find out why the error was made by analyzing airplane design, airline management, and pilot-training programs. For only then can changes be made to ensure that the same type of error does not recur and cause another accident.

Which of the following is a presupposition of the argument above?

(A) Pilot error is not a contributing factor in most airline accidents.

.

(D) Investigators of airline accidents should contribute to the prevention of future accidents.（D）

我选的是A，请帮忙解释下为何D是正确答案？谢谢。。。

TEST 2

16

Instead of blaming an airline accident on pilot error, investigators should find out why the error was made by analyzing airplane design, airline management, and pilot-training programs. For only then can changes be made to ensure that the same type of error does not recur and cause another accident.

Which of the following is a presupposition of the argument above?

(A) Pilot error is not a contributing factor in most airline accidents.

.

(D) Investigators of airline accidents should contribute to the prevention of future accidents.（D）

我选的是A，请帮忙解释下为何D是正确答案？谢谢。。。

－－－－－－－－－－－

架桥：题目说investigators analyzing airplane design, airline management, and pilot-training programs－－－ensure that the same type of error ----------not recur and cause another accident.

investigator --- another accident架个桥。

检验：对D取非，原文不成立。

对A取非，Pilot error is a contributing factor in most airline accidents.如果飞行员的错误是原因，其他的检查依然可以防止再次发生，因为这样的检查能知道为什么飞行员会犯错。结论依然成立，因此不是答案

Instead of blaming an airline accident on pilot error, investigators should find out why the error was made by analyzing airplane design, airline management, and pilot-training programs. For only then can changes be made to ensure that the same type of error does not recur and cause another accident.

Which of the following is a presupposition of the argument above?

(A) Pilot error is not a contributing factor in most airline accidents.

.

(D) Investigators of airline accidents should contribute to the prevention of future accidents.（D）

我选的是A，请帮忙解释下为何D是正确答案？谢谢。。。

－－－－－－－－－－－

架桥：题目说investigators analyzing airplane design, airline management, and pilot-training programs－－－ensure that the same type of error ----------not recur and cause another accident.

investigator --- another accident架个桥。

检验：对D取非，原文不成立。

对A取非，Pilot error is a contributing factor in most airline accidents.如果飞行员的错误是原因，其他的检查依然可以防止再次发生，因为这样的检查能知道为什么飞行员会犯错。结论依然成立，因此不是答案

Thanx gonghao...

while, still not be so clear about the first question even with your explanation  (Answer A points out that the companies that didn't send employees to seminars are the companies had highest sales prior to 1987 already. That means the companies that send employees to seminars had lower sales before attend seminar anyway, thus challenge the critics to the sales seminar.),

could u pls...

Let me try on the first question.

In this argument ,the logical chain is that the difference of the revenues between who attended the seminars and who didn't is the basis for the critics.In choice A,revenues for those companies who did not attend the seminars has already had the highest sales.So the basis for this argument has been threathened ,because it's not the seminar's fault for the revenues difference but the previous condition confused the author who mistaken the correct reason for this  argument.