紫书阅读第二篇即OG10版第20篇6个问题盼解答

第二篇

Although genetic mutations in bacteria and viruses ca n lead to epidemics，some epidemics are caused by bacteria and viruses that have undergone no significant genetic change．In analyzing the latter, scientists have discovered the importance of social and ecological factors to epidemics．Poliomyelitis，for example，emerged as an epidemic in the United States in the twentieth century by then，modern sanitation was able to delay exposure to polio Until adolescence or adulthood，at which time polio infection produced paralysis．
                Previously, infection had occurred during infancy, when it typically provided lifelong immunity without paralysis．Thus，the hygiene that helped prevent typhoid epidemics indirectly fostered a paralytic polio epidemic. Another example is lyme disease， which is caused by bacteria that are transmitted by deer ticks．It occurred only sporadically during the late nineteenth century but has recently become prevalent in parts of the United States，largely due to an increase in the deer population that occurred simultaneously with the growth of the suburbs and increased outdoor recreational activities in the deer's habitat．Similarly, an outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever became an epidemic in Asia in the 1950's because of ecological changes that caused Aedes aegypti，the mosquito that transmits the dengue virus，to proliferate。The stage is now set in the United States for a dengue epidemic because of the inadvertent introduction and wide dissemination of another mosquito，Aedes albopictus．

Questions6-11 refer to the passage above.

6. The passage suggests that a lack of modern sanitation would make which of the following most likely to occur?

(A)  An outbreak of Lyme disease

(B)  An outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever

(C)  An epidemic of typhoid

(D)  An epidemic of paralytic polio among infants

(E)  An epidemic of paralytic polio among adolescents and adults

7. According to the passage，the outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the 1950’s occurred for which of the following reasons?

(A)  The mosquito Aedes aegypti was newly introduced into Asia．

(B)  The mosquito Aedes aegypti became more numerous．

(C)  The mosquito Aedes albopictus became infected with the dengue virus．

(D)  Individuals who would normally acquire immunity to the dengue virus as infants were not infected until later in life．

(E)  More people began to visit and inhabit areas in which mosquitoes live and breed．

8. It can be inferred from the passage that Lyme disease has become prevalent in parts of the United States because of which of the following?

(A)  The inadvertent introduction of Lyme disease bacteria to the United States

(B)  The inability of modern sanitation methods to eradicate Lyme disease bacteria

(C)  A genetic mutation in Lyme disease bacteria that makes them more virulent

(D)  The spread of Lyme disease bacteria from infected humans to noninfected humans

(E)  An increase in the number of humans who encounter deer ticks

9. Which of the following can most reasonably be concluded about the mosquito Aedes albopictus on the basis of information given in the passage?

(A)  It is native to the United States．

(B)  It can proliferate only in Asia．

(C)  It transmits the dengue Virus.

(D)  It caused an epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the 1950's．

(E)  It replaced Aedes aegypti in Asia when ecological changes altered Aedes aegypti's habitat．

10． Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?

(A)  A paradox is stated，discussed，and left unresolved．

(B)  Two opposing explanations a re presented，argued，and reconciled.

(C)  A theory is proposed and is then followed by descriptions of three experiments that support the theory．

(D)  A generalization is stated and is then followed by three instances that support the generalization．

(E)  An argument is described and is then followed by three counterexamples that refute the argument．

11． Which of the following l if true，would most strengthen the author's assertion about the cause of the Lyme disease outbreak in the United States?

(A)  The deer population was smaller in the late nineteenth century than in the mid twentieth century．

(B)  Interest in outdoor recreation began to grow in the late nineteenth century．

(C)  In recent years the suburbs have stopped growing。

(D)  Outdoor recreation enthusiasts routinely take measures to protect themselves against Lyme disease．

(E)  Scientists have not yet developed a vaccine that can Prevent Lyme disease

1）28行The stage is now set in the United States是什么意思？

2）第6题为什么D选项不对

6. The passage suggests that a lack of modern sanitation would make which of the following most

likely to occur?

 (D)  选项An epidemic of paralytic polio among infants

Inference

Since the question asks for an inference about a lack of modern sanitation，begin by examining what the passage says about the presence of modern sanitation．Lines 9—11explain the role of modern sanitation in delaying the onset of polio．Lines 14．16 state the hygiene that helped prevent

Typhoid epidemics indirectly fostered a paralytic polio epidemic．It is reasonable to infer from this

statement that a lack of modern sanitation could lead to a typhoid epidemic．

D的OG解释   Lines 12—14 show that infants did not typically suffer paralysis with polio．

我的问题：我想我是12-14行这句话的意思没有明白。Previously, infection had occurred during infancy, when it typically provided lifelong immunity without paralysis．这里的provided这里作何解释，是作conj.倘若，还是作provid的提供被动语气，被提供？？这句话是说“以前，在婴儿时期的感染-------？？？”

3）第7题为什么E选项不对呢

(E)  It replaced Aedes aegypti in Asia when ecological changes altered Aedes aegypti's habitat．

我的分析：我看了原文第24行-28行Similarly, an outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever became an epidemic in Asia in the 1950's because of ecological changes that caused Aedes aegypti，the mosquito that transmits the dengue virus，to proliferate。前面说Lyme病的原因是由于deer的增长，和与此同时发生郊区的扩展和去deer居住地的户外活动的增长。用Similarly,引起下一句，我觉得前面说Lyme病和dengue hemorrhagic fever可以都解释为这两种病都是人的原因造成的，为什么不能这样解释呢？？？？

4）第8题对OG的解释的疑问，和上面的我的第二个问题是一样的

8.  It can be inferred from the passage that Lyme disease has become prevalent in parts of the United States because of which of the following?

(A)  The inadvertent introduction of Lyme disease bacteria to the United States

(B)  The inability of modern sanitation methods to eradicate Lyme disease bacteria

(C)  A genetic mutation in Lyme disease bacteria that makes them more virulent

(D)  The spread of Lyme disease bacteria from infected humans to non—infected humans

(E)  An increase in the number of humans who encounter deer ticks

Inference

To make an inference about Lyme disease，examine the discussion of Lyme disease in fines 16-24．The disease is caused by bacteria carried by deer ticks．It has become prevalent in parts of t11e United States
                                as the deer population has grown．This population growth has occurred at the same time that the suburbs have expanded and outdoor activities in the deer's habitat have increased．What can be inferred about the growing prevalence of Lyme disease? Is logical to infer that more people are encountering the deer ticks that carry the disease．

A  No inadvertent introduction of the bacteria is mentioned in the passage．

B  Modern sanitation plays a role in typhoid and polio epidemics，but it is not linked to Lyme disease．

C   No genetic mutation of bacteria is discussed in the context of Lyme disease．

D    Transmission by deer ticks is discussed，but not human-to-human transmission．

E    Correct．As the deer population grows and as humans encroach on the deer habitat，more people encounter deer ticks and become infected with the disease．

The correct answer is E

我的分析：第8题OG解释说Lyme的流行是由于as the deer population has grown．，然后说This population growth
                        发生的同时，郊区扩大了，在deer'的居住地的户外活动提高了，再回过头去看一下原文中20-24行那句话largely due to an increase in the deer population that occurred simultaneously with the growth of the suburbs and increased outdoor recreational activities in the deer's habitat．

请问上面标出蓝色的这句在句法上是作为什么成份，还有，Lyme病流行的原因due to an increase in the deer population，郊区的扩大和在在deer'的居住地的户外活动提高了是不是原因呢，是两者都是原因，还是只有an increase in the deer population是原因呢？我这里表达的有点啰嗦，但这个点在7题和8题里都出现了，我想搞明白，在文章原因明确指出时（此文中是deer population），修饰原因的从句中的人的因素可不可以也是原因？？？

5）第8题D选项的OG解释说

D    Transmission by deer ticks is discussed，but not human-to-human transmission．

我的问题：请问这个Transmission by deer ticks被讨论过，指的是文章中的哪里呢

6）11题B选项

(B)  Interest in outdoor recreation began to grow in the late nineteenth century．

我的问题，如果把Interest去掉，选项变成outdoor recreation began to grow in the late nineteenth century．可不可以作为Lyme病的原因，这个问题6和上面的问题4，问题5都一样，都是问人的活动是不是疾病产生的原因之一？？？？？

发到你的电子邮件里了，

不知道怎么了CD 总是字重复

我发了很多遍都说 字数超了

减不掉

小女子唱个诺，先谢个先。

我去收一下邮件看看，CD有时候会说字数超的，这时候就把贴子分开两半，一个在2楼，一个在3楼，我就是这样干的，嘻嘻，

还有allen0018，在MSN上都见不着你哟，你的进度怎么样了啊？

我把allen0018的答案贴上来，分两楼贴，给大家一起看。

不知道清清小蚂蚁是否做了文章逻辑结构分析。所以把我的拿来供参考，如有疑义请大家指出。

第一层次：提出现象

第二层次：发现因素解释/分析

第三层次：for example大列举--

          1。Poli. ***infancy..lifetime immunity; hygiene--prevent typhoid epic.

                                                      --indirectly fostered poli.

                                                       （小类比）     

          2.lyme disease  ***increase in deer population "along with"

                             suburbs growth&increase outdoor ---- breakout/prevalent

                             (因果关系)

          3.Dengue  ***mosiquito Aedes aeg. (transmits the dengue)..proliferate..      

                       another mosiquito Aedes alb.......(同性质举例/类比)     

Similarly, an outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever became an epidemic in Asia in the 1950's because of ecological changes that caused Aedes aegypti，the mosquito that transmits the dengue virus，to proliferate。

(E)  More people began to visit and inhabit areas in which mosquitoes live and breed．

从 ECOLOGICAL   推不出

 MORE 人VISIT 然后还INHABIT 那里

 MORE 人VISIT 然后还INHABIT 那里

明显是干扰选项。

我给你举个例子，由于经济因素的影响，中国沿海城市和日本广泛经济交流，结果轮胎里带回来了花点蚊子，蚊子回来繁殖（the mosquito  to proliferate） 你能说越来越多的中国人去那住吗？碰巧就一个船去了一次就带回来一对蚊子，然后蚊子就繁殖了呢?