紫书阅读第四篇即OG10版第22篇4个问题盼解答

第四篇

    The new school of political history that emerged in the 1960's and 1970’s sought to go beyond the traditional focus of political historians on leaders and government institutions by examining directly the political practices of ordinary citizens．Like the old approach，however, this new approach excluded women. The very techniques these historians used to uncover mass political behavior in the nineteenth century United States—quantitative analyses of election returns，for example--were useless in analyzing the political activities of women，who were denied the vote until 1920．

    By redefining ＂political activity,＂historian Paula Baker has developed a political history that includes women．She concludes that among ordinary citizens，political activism by women in the nineteenth century prefigured trends in twentieth century politics. Defining＂politics＂as ＂any action taken to affect the course of behavior government or of the community, ＂Baker concludes that，while voting and holding office were restricted to men，women in the nineteenth century organized themselves into societies committed to social issues such as temperance and poverty. In other words，Baker contends，women activists were early practitioners of nonpartisan，issue oriented politics and thus were more interested in enlisting lawmakers，regardless of their party affiliation，on behalf of certain issues than in ensuring that one party another won an election．In the twentieth century, more men drew closer to women's ideas about politics and took up modes of issue oriented politics that Baker sees women as having pioneered．

Questions 16-2l refer to the passage above

16．The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A)  enumerate reasons why both traditional scholarly methods and newer scholarly methods have limitations

(B)  identify a shortcoming in a scholarly approach and describe an alternative approach

(C)  provide empirical data to support a long—held scholarly assumption

(D)  compare two scholarly publications on the basis of their authors’ backgrounds

(E)  attempt to provide a partial answer to a long standing scholarly dilemma

17．The passage suggests which of the following concerning the techniques used by the new political historians described in the first paragraph of the passage?

(A)  They involved the extensive use of the  biographies of political party leaders and political theoreticians。

(B)  They were conceived by political historians who were reacting against the political climates of the 1960's and 1970’s．

(C)  They were of more use in analyzing the positions of United States political parties in the nineteenth century than in analyzing the positions of those in the twentieth century．

(D)  They were of more use in analyzing the political behavior of nineteenth-century voters than in analyzing the political activities of those who could not vote during that period．

(E)  They were devised as a means of tracing the influence of nineteenth-century political trends on twentieth-century political trends

18．It can be inferred that the author of the passage quotes Baker directly in the second paragraph primarily in order to

(A)  clarify a position before providing an alternative to that position

(B)  differentiate between a novel definition and traditional definitions

(C)  provide an example of a point agreed on by different generations of scholars

(D)  provide an example of the prose style of an important historian

(E)  amplify a definition given in the first paragraph

19．According to the passage，Paula Baker and the new political historians of the 1960’s and 1970’s shared which of the following?

(A)  A commitment to interest group politics

(B)  A disregard for political theory and ideology

(C)  An interest in the ways in which nineteenth-century politics prefigured contemporary politics

(D)  A reliance on such quantitative techniques as the analysis of election returns

(E)  An emphasis on the political involvement of ordinary citizens

20．  Which of the following best describes the structure of the first paragraph of the passage?

(A)  Two scholarly approaches are compared，and a shortcoming common to both iS identified．

(B)  Two rival schools of thought are contrasted，and a third is alluded to．

(C)  An outmoded scholarly approach is described，and a corrective approach is called for．

(D)  An argument is outlined，and counterarguments are mentioned．

(E)  A historical era is described in terms of its political trends．

21．The information in the passage suggests that a pre1960’s political historian would have been most likely to undertake Which of the following studies?

(A)  An analysis of voting trends among women voters of the 1920’s

(B)  A study of male voters’ gradual ideological shift from party politics to issue-oriented politics

(C)  A biography of an influential nineteenth-century minister of foreign affairs

(D)  An analysis of narratives written by previously unrecognized women activists

(E)  A study of voting trends among naturalized immigrant laborers in a nineteenth century logging camp

第四篇的问题共4个问题

1）第一段第2行go beyond the traditional focus of political historians on leaders and government institutions这里的political historians研究的是否包括leaders and government institutions，本来我认为是排除在外的，但是看到下面这个例句后我有点糊涂了

She’s got nothing beyond her state pension.  除了政府发的养老金外，她什么都有。我觉得这里的的beyond好象是除了什么以外还有的意思？请帮忙看看。

2）第一段第一行，The new school，这个意思有点不明，新的学院派吗？

3）25行-30行那一句那么多逗号，句子成份有点晕，帮忙看看，

Baker contends，women activists were early practitioners of nonpartisan，issue oriented politics and thus were more interested in enlisting lawmakers，regardless of their party affiliation，on behalf of certain issues than in ensuring that one party another won an election．

主要是对issue oriented politics的作用不明，是作插入语吗？？？是补充说明nonpartisan的吗？？？，可是issue是名词， oriented 是动词过去分词，politics是名词，这样组合在一起也能作插入语吗？？？

4）17题B选项的意思不明

(B)  They were conceived by political historians who were
                            reacting against the political climates of the 1960's and 1970’s．

reacting against the political climates是对政治气候敏感吗？

第四篇的问题共4个问题

1）第一段第2行go beyond the traditional focus of political historians on leaders and government institutions这里的political historians研究的是否包括leaders and government institutions，本来我认为是排除在外的，但是看到下面这个例句后我有点糊涂了

She’s got nothing beyond her state pension.  除了政府发的养老金外，她什么都有。我觉得这里的的beyond好象是除了什么以外还有的意思？请帮忙看看。

2）第一段第一行，The new school，这个意思有点不明，新的学院派吗？

3）25行-30行那一句那么多逗号，句子成份有点晕，帮忙看看，

Baker contends，women activists were early practitioners of nonpartisan，issue oriented politics and thus were more interested in enlisting lawmakers，regardless of their party affiliation，on behalf of certain issues than in ensuring that one party another won an election．

主要是对issue oriented politics的作用不明，是作插入语吗？？？是补充说明nonpartisan的吗？？？，可是issue是名词， oriented 是动词过去分词，politics是名词，这样组合在一起也能作插入语吗？？？

4）17题B选项的意思不明

(B)  They were conceived by political historians who were
            reacting against the political climates of the 1960's and 1970’s．

reacting against the political climates是对政治气候敏感吗？

1）第一段第2行go beyond the traditional focus of political historians on leaders and government institutions这里的political historians研究的是否包括leaders and government institutions，本来我认为是排除在外的，但是看到下面这个例句后我有点糊涂了
            

She’s got nothing beyond her state pension.  除了政府发的养老金外，她什么都有。我觉得这里的的beyond好象是除了什么以外还有的意思？请帮忙看看。
            

go beyond 这里没有那么复杂，我语法不行，当初发消息给你你也不搭理我这里解决不了。

但是，你应该抓着要点。要点就是 FOCUS ON  这不就全清楚了？

2） 可以理解我新的意识体系。

3）

Baker contends，women activists were early practitioners of nonpartisan，issue oriented politics and thus were more interested in enlisting lawmakers，regardless of their party affiliation，on behalf of certain issues than in ensuring that one party another won an election．
                    

issue oriented politics
                            ===women activists were early practitioners of +issue oriented politics 。

 不是。翻译过来就是：他们被那些60-70年代和政治气候作斗争的历史学家所深深地折服，确信，陶醉了。

issue oriented politics
                    ===women activists were early practitioners of +issue oriented politics 。

 不是。翻译过来就是：他们被那些60-70年代和政治气候作斗争的历史学家所深深地折服，确信，陶醉了。

go beyond 这里没有那么复杂，我语法不行，当初发消息给你你也不搭理我这里解决不了。

但是，你应该抓着要点。要点就是 FOCUS ON  这不就全清楚了？

2） 可以理解我新的意识体系。

3）

Baker contends，women activists were early practitioners of nonpartisan，issue oriented politics and thus were more interested in enlisting lawmakers，regardless of their party affiliation，on behalf of certain issues than in ensuring that one party another won an election．
            

issue oriented politics
                    ===women activists were early practitioners of +issue oriented politics 。

 不是。翻译过来就是：他们被那些60-70年代和政治气候作斗争的历史学家所深深地折服，确信，陶醉了。

issue oriented politics
            ===women activists were early practitioners of +issue oriented politics 。

 不是。翻译过来就是：他们被那些60-70年代和政治气候作斗争的历史学家所深深地折服，确信，陶醉了。

这题有些地方我和楼上的有些不同的意见.

1）第一段第2行go beyond the traditional focus of political historians on leaders and government institutions这里的political historians研究的是否包括leaders and government institutions，本来我认为是排除在外的，但是看到下面这个例句后我有点糊涂了
            

She’s got nothing beyond her state pension.  除了政府发的养老金外，她什么都有。我觉得这里的的beyond好像是除了什么以外还有的意思？请帮忙看看。
            

beyond 有除此之外, 超越的意思. 通常都是包括的.  这里有超越 the traditional focus of political historians on leaders and government institutions 的基础.  超越的部份就是 examining directly the political practices of ordinary citizens.  不包括的话就会用 rather than, insteado of 而不是 go beyond 了

beyond 有除此之外, 超越的意思. 通常都是包括的.  这里有超越 the traditional focus of political historians on leaders and government institutions 的基础.  超越的部份就是 examining directly the political practices of ordinary citizens.  不包括的话就会用 rather than, insteado of 而不是 go beyond 了

2）第一段第一行，The new school，这个意思有点不明，新的学院派吗？
            

 可以这样理解, 但是这题其实要注意的是一看到 new school 就要想到old school 可能马上就会被提到了而 old school 就是the traditional focus.

 可以这样理解, 但是这题其实要注意的是一看到 new school 就要想到old school 可能马上就会被提到了而 old school 就是the traditional focus.

3）25行-30行那一句那么多逗号，句子成份有点晕，帮忙看看，
            

Baker contends，women activists were early practitioners of nonpartisan，issue oriented politics and thus were more interested in enlisting lawmakers，regardless of their party affiliation，on behalf of certain issues than in ensuring that one party another won an election．
            

主要是对issue oriented politics的作用不明，是作插入语吗？？？是补充说明nonpartisan的吗？？？，可是issue是名词， oriented 是动词过去分词，politics是名词，这样组合在一起也能作插入语吗？？？
            

 issue oriented 不是插入语 这里是 early practitioners of nonpartisan，issue oriented politics = early practitioners of nonpartisan and issue oriented politics 只是用逗号分开两的形容词而已

 issue oriented 不是插入语 这里是 early practitioners of nonpartisan，issue oriented politics = early practitioners of nonpartisan and issue oriented politics 只是用逗号分开两的形容词而已

4）17题B选项的意思不明
            

(B)  They were conceived by political historians who were
            reacting against the political climates of the 1960's and 1970’s．
            

reacting against the political climates是对政治气候敏感吗？
            

 react against something 有 作为对现实环境不满而作背其道而行的意思

 react against something 有 作为对现实环境不满而作背其道而行的意思

 所以这句话的解释就是新的学说是在当时政治历史学家对当时政治环境不满下所发明的新学说

这一题之可以作为干扰选项是因为 The new school of political history that emerged in the 1960's and 1970’s sought to go beyond the traditional focus of political historians on leaders and government institutions by examining directly the political practices of ordinary citizens 这句话

没理解好就会被这种表新旧对比的选项干扰. 但是作者没提到The new school of political history 是因对现状不满而产生 只是他们 sought to (寻求) 基础之外的突破而已

 所以这句话的解释就是新的学说是在当时政治历史学家对当时政治环境不满下所发明的新学说

这一题之可以作为干扰选项是因为 The new school of political history that emerged in the 1960's and 1970’s sought to go beyond the traditional focus of political historians on leaders and government institutions by examining directly the political practices of ordinary citizens 这句话

没理解好就会被这种表新旧对比的选项干扰. 但是作者没提到The new school of political history 是因对现状不满而产生 只是他们 sought to (寻求) 基础之外的突破而已

先谢谢再看,看来我又要头疼了,

两大高手意见不合,小蚂蚁难分是非,

欲知后事如何,请看下楼.

BTW:我再想想,看看我倾向哪个

同意！