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被这道题折磨了好久。A study followed a group of teenagers who had never smoked and tracked whether they took up smoking and how their mental health changed. After one year, the incidence of depression among those who had taken up smoking was four times as high as it was among those who had not. Since nicotine in cigarettes changes brain chemistry, perhaps thereby affecting mood, it is likely that smoking contributes to depression in teenagers.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
(A) Participants who were depressed at the start of the study were no more likely to be smokers after one year than those who were not depressed.
(B) The study did not distinguish between participants who smoked only occasionally and those who were heavy smokers.
(C) Few, if any, of the participants in the study were friends or relatives of other participants.
(D) Some participants entered and emerged from a period of depression within the year of the study.
(E) The researchers did not track use of alcohol by the teenagers.
正确答案是A，我选了C（看了大家的提问感觉是最不可能的答案哈哈哈）
现在完全能理解A为什么对，但是不知道C为什么错！！
原因是昨天看了Helr的逻辑资料，里面提到相关因果推理题，其中有一道题我觉得和上面这道非常像：
In the year following an eight-cent increase in the federal tax on a pack of cigarettes, sales of cigarettes fell ten percent. In contrast, in the year prior to the tax increase, sales had fallen one percent. The volume of cigarette sales is therefore strongly related to the after-tax price of a pack of cigarettes.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument above?
A. During the second year after the tax increase, cigarette sales increased by a significant amount.
B. The information available to consumers on the health risks of smoking remained largely unchanged in the period before and after the tax increase.
C. Most consumers were unaware that the tax on cigarettes was going to increase.
D. During the year following the cigarette tax increase, many consumers had less income, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than they had had in the previous year.
E. During the year after the tax increase, there was a greater variety of cigarettes on the market than there had been during the previous year.
而这道题答案是B，Helr的解释是B选项强调了不存在独立第三因素（对于健康的认知导致的sales下降），因此加强了argument。那按照这个逻辑的话，为什么上面那道题的C选项不对呢？上面那题的C选项说的也是独立第三因素（基因或行为习惯导致depression增加），为什么就不对了呢？
想了半天了，求大神解答！！！???
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发表于 2022-8-21 05:28:59
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