5. Gasoline-powered boat engines manufactured in the a North American country prior to 1990 contribute significantly to the pollution found in the world’s oceans. In 1990, however, the government imposed stricter pollution controls on gasoline engines manufactured for boats, and beginning in 1995, the government imposed a program of inspections for pre-1990 boat engines with increasingly rigorous pollution standards. As the older boat engines fail to pass inspection, boat owners are increasingly retiring their old engines in favor of newer, less-polluting boat engines. As a result, the amount of pollution these older boat engines emit into the world’s oceans will steadily decrease over the next en years. The two portions in boldface play which of the following roles? (A) The first is a pattern of cause and effect that acts as an evidence in support of this argument; the second is the conclusion that can be drawn from this argument. (B) The first is a fact that acts as a principle in support of this argument; the second is the conclusion that must be drawn from this argument. (文中的并不是每个人都适用,无法升级到principle) (C) The first is a pattern of cause and effect that acts as an special evidence in support of the conclusion; the second is a general point that can be drawn from this argument. (D) The first is a pattern of cause and effect that acts as the third evidence in support of the argument; the second is a conclusion that must be true. (those above seem backgrond not evidence) (E) The first is a final evidence in support of the argument; the second is a conclusion that can be drawn only from the first. 参考答案: A 思路:Gasoline-powered boat engines manufactured in the a North American country prior to 1990 contribute significantly to the pollution found in the world’s oceans. (fact)In 1990, however, the government imposed stricter pollution controls on gasoline engines manufactured for boats, and beginning in 1995, the government imposed a program of inspections for pre-1990 boat engines with increasingly rigorous pollution standards.(fact) As the older boat engines fail to pass inspection, boat owners are increasingly retiring their old engines in favor of newer, less-polluting boat engines. (一个用因果关系表示的证据)As a result, the amount of pollution these older boat engines emit into the world’s oceans will steadily decrease over the next en years. (结论) 疑惑:第一句话能作为证据吗????????我认为是个reasoning process(assumption),否则E选项不就可以了?? 关于bold face的诸多概念有点混淆. 我目前的理解: all effective arguement contain evidence, reasoning process and conclusion. In detail,evidence is composed of fact, principle and theory reasoning processes comprise assumption, premise and principle conclusion includes conclusion and inference 大家意见如何呢? 就要考试了,help me!
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