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昨天在版上问了做假设题（assumption）的思路问题，有幸得到了lawyer nn的回帖。实感荣幸。：）
认真研读了3遍终于明白该如何做假设题。
nn的回帖：
假设有两类（依问题问法分），充分型（justify the conclusion）和必要型(depend on)。
1。对于充分型，答案为填补GAP的选项，选项既是结论的充分条件之一，又是必要条件之一。
2。对于必要型假设，可以是选项为结论必要条件之一，不是充分条件。用取非法，因为答案为结论必要条件（结论推出选项，逆否命题为取非）。也可以是既是必要条件，同时也是充分条件，就像你说的该题。 可用取非法，但是因为找GAP的办法较容易，所以多数不用取非的办法。
但是思路清楚了，在做必要型假设题时，却遇到了另一个问题。
按照ｎｎ的实战方法，先将无关选项排除，再利用取非方法去确定最后答案。
但是取非说起太容易做起来难！
举例：ｏｇ２１
21. When limitations were in effect on nuclear-arms testing, people tended to save more of their money, but when nuclear-arms testing increased, people tended to spend more of their money. The perceived threat of nuclear catastrophe, therefore, decreases the willingness of people to postpone consumption for the sake of saving money.
The argument above assumes that
A. the perceived threat of nuclear catastrophe has increased over the years.
B. most people supported the development of nuclear arms
C. people’s perception of the threat of nuclear catastrophe depends on the amount of nuclear-arms testing being done
D. the people who saved the most money when nuclear-arms testing was limited were the ones who supported such limitations C
E. there are more consumer goods available when nuclear-arms testing increases
１ 根据无关选项，先将Ｄ（ the people who saved the most money ），Ｅ（consumer goods ）排除。
再将迷惑选项Ａ，Ｂ取非判断。（看是否选项不成立－－－〉原文不成立）
原文结论：The perceived threat of nuclear catastrophe, therefore, decreases the willingness of people to postpone consumption for the sake of saving money.
结论取非：The perceived threat of nuclear catastrophe, therefore, ｄｏｅｓ ｎｏｔ decreases the willingness of people to postpone consumption for the sake of saving money.
对于Ａ：
Ａ：the perceived threat of nuclear catastrophe has increased over the years.
Ａ取非：the perceived threat of nuclear catastrophe has ｎｏｔ increased over the years.
想到这里就糊涂了：威胁没增长，当然可以推出人们对于存钱的意愿没有减弱。
这部正符合选项不成立－－－〉原文不成立。
哎，取非判断真是难！
先要对原文取非正确，在对选项取非正确，在考虑两者是否存在上述关系。。。已经奄奄一息了。
有时候很有可能把选项或结论错误取非，那就更郁闷了。。。
如：
8. To prevent some conflicts of interest, Congress could prohibit high-level government officials from accepting positions as lobbyists for three years after such officials leave government service. One such official concluded, however, that such a prohibition would be unfortunate because it would prevent high-level government officials from earning a livelihood for three years.
The official’s conclusion logically depends on which of the following assumptions?
A. Laws should not restrict the behavior of former government officials.
B. Lobbyists are typically people who have previously been high-level government officials.
C. Low-level government officials do not often become lobbyists when they leave government service.
D. High-level government officials who leave government service are capable of earning a livelihood only as lobbyists. D
E. High-level government officials who leave government service are currently permitted to act as lobbyists for only three years.
当时将Ｄ取非：
有两种理解：
１
High-level government officials who leave government service are ｎｏｔ capable of earning a livelihood only as lobbyists. D
High-level government officials who leave government service 只做说客不能挣钱糊口。
２
High-level government officials who leave government service are capable of earning a livelihood ｎｏｔ only as lobbyists. D
High-level government officials who leave government service 可以不只靠说客的工作挣钱糊口。
到底怎么对选项取非，对喧响的那一部分取非也成了首要问题！继续糊涂。。。
２ 对于排除无关选项，ｎｎ说：
用结论的具体性和特殊性去分有关无关，排出剩下的用TEST 。
好抽象呀，到底什么叫结论的具体性和特殊性？是选项中只要有原文没出现过的新词就排除。（比如像本题Ｄ，Ｅ）？
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发表于 2006-3-31 20:35:00
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