GWD 15 -19 and 32

Q19:

Aroca
                        City currently funds its public schools through taxes on property.  In place of this system, the city plans to introduce a sales tax of three percent on all retail sales in the city.  Critics protest that three percent of current retail sales falls short of the amount raised for schools by property taxes.  The critics are correct on this point.  Nevertheless, implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca’s schools.  Several large retailers have selected Aroca
                        City as the site for huge new stores, and these are certain to draw large numbers of shoppers from neighboring municipalities, where sales are taxed at rates of six percent and more.  In consequence, retail sales in Aroca
                            City are bound to increase substantially.

In the argument given, the two potions in boldface play which of the following roles?

1. The first is an objection that has been raised against a certain plan; the second is a prediction that, if accurate, undermines the force of that objection.
2. The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is a point the argument makes in favor of adopting an alternative plan.
3. The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is the main reason cited by the argument for its endorsement of the criticism.
4. The first is a claim that the argument seeks to refute; the second is the main point used by the argument to show that the claim is false.
5. The first is a claim that the argument accepts with certain reservations; the second presents that claim in a rewarding that is not subject to those reservations.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The key is D..but I think A is rite.

Q32:

Delta products, Inc., has recently switched at least partly from older technologies using fossil fuels to new technologies powered by electricity.  The question has been raised whether it can be concluded that for a given level of output, Delta’s operation now causes less fossil fuel to be consumed than it did formerly.  The answer, clearly, is yes, since the amount of fossil fuel used to generate the electricity needed to power the new technologies is less than the amount needed to power the older technologies, provided that the level of output is held constant.

In the argument given, the two boldface portions play which of the following roles?

1. The first identifies the content of the conclusion of the argument; the second provides support for that conclusion.
2. The first provides support for the conclusion of the argument; the second identifies the content of that conclusion.
3. The first states the position that the argument opposes; the second states the conclusion of the argument.
4. Each provides evidence that calls the conclusion of the argument into question.
5. Each provides support for the conclusion of the argument.

I think a is preferred to e, but the answer is e..

A, E.

第一题，你是对的，答案就是A。尽管有争议。

第二题，也有争议，但是考虑到A中说content of the conlusion，而不是context。还是E好。