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CD历史遗留问题，逻辑大虾请进 (之三)
这几天，着重看了晴天猪的 Lsat CR 逻辑总结大贴，受益匪浅，如久旱逢甘霖，沐浴春风！建议所有朋友都先读一读该牛贴。现仍有若干未讨论彻底的题目或我仍糊涂的题目，请大虾们指点迷津！小虾米先拜过。
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9. the journalistic practice of fabricating remarks after an interview and printing them within quotation marks, as if they were the interviewee's own words, has been decried as a form of unfair. misrepresentation. however, people's actual spoken remarks rarely convey their ideas as clearly as does a distillation of those ideas crafted, after an interview, by a skilled writer. therefore, since this practice avoids the more serious misrepresentation that would occur if people's exact words were quoted but their defensible.
which one of the following is a questionable technique used in the argument?
(a) answering an exaggerated charge by undermining the personal authority of those who made that charge .
(b) claiming that the prestige of a profession provides ample grounds for dismissing criticisms of that profession.
(c) offering as an adequate defense of a practice an observation that discredits only one of several possible alternatives to that practice.
(d) concluding that a practice is right on the grounds that it is necessary.
(e) using the opponent's admission that a practice is sometimes appropriate as conclusive proof that that practice is never inappropriate.
Ans: c
我的问题是：最后一句话是不是有问题？therefore, since this practice avoids the more serious misrepresentation that would occur if people's exact words were quoted but their defensible. their 指代谁？结论是什么？帮翻译一下吧。
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请教LSAT-6-III-13,17,23
Arguing that there was no trade between Europe and East Asia in the early Middle Ages because there are no written records of such trade is like arguing that the yeti, an apelike creature supposedly existing in the Himalayas, does not exist because there have been no scientifically confirmed sightings. A verifiable sighting of the yeti would prove that the creature does exist, but the absence of sightings cannot prove that it does not.
13. Which one of the following considerations, if true, best counters the argument?
(A) Most of the evidence for the existence of trade between Europe and East Asia in the early Middle Ages is
archaeological and therefore does not rely on written records.
(B) Although written records of trade in East Asia in the early Middle Ages survived, there are almost no Europe documents from that period that mention trade at all.
(C) Any trade between Europe and East Asia in the early Middle Ages would necessarily have been of very low volume and would have involved high-priced items, such as precious metals and silk.
(D) There have been no confirmed sightings of the yeti, but there is indirect evidence, such as footprints, which if it is accepted as authentic would establish the yeti's existence.
(E) There are surviving European and East Asian written records from the early Middle Ages that do not mention trade between the two regions but would have been very likely to do so if this trade had existed.
Answer: After you finish reading the passage, you should know that the author drew a parallel reasoning between the trade and yeti (a kind of primate I think, or snowman). If No record --> no trade, then no sighting --> no yeti;
But a sighting can prove that yeti exists. So there might have been trade, just not on the record. If trade and yeti are not comparable in this regard, the argument is flawed.
E is right in that it states that if there was trade, it would be very likely that the written record will mention it. Therefore, no mention, likely no trade. This is the difference between the case of yeti and that of trade. Yeti is living in area uninhabited by human, so no sighting cannot rule out the possibility of its existence. But there would be record if there was trade.
我的问题是：how about 答案 D? D不也指出不同吗？
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19. It takes 365.25 days for the Earth to make one complete revolution around the sun. Long standing convention makes a year 365 days long, with an extra day added every fourth year, and the year is divided into 52 seven-day weeks. But since 52 times 7 is only 364, anniversaries do not fall on the same day of the week each
year. Many scheduling problems could be avoided if the last day of each year and an additional day every fourth year belonged to no week, so that January 1 would be a Sunday every year.
The proposal above, once put into effect, would be most likely to result in continued scheduling conflicts for which one of the following groups?
(A) people who have birthdays or other anniversaries on December 30 or 31
(B) employed people whose strict religious observances require that they refrain from working every seventh day
(C) school systems that require students to attend classes a specific number of days each year
(D) employed people who have three-day breaks from work when holidays are celebrated on Mondays or Fridays
(E) people who have to plan events several years before those events occur
答案:B,我选了E
Perfection: 19）E是个无关选项。只是说几年前做了计划在一个事件发生之前。首先固定时间应该排除。
B是说employed people 被限制在每隔7天做一件事情。假如从January 1 Sunday 开始，一年后应该是星期1（364+1）。但按照新的方法，又是Sunday，明显冲突（）。简单可以这样想。新的方法不是按7循环（7循环*52再做一个1天的调整），而B要求按7循环
我的问题是：A 不是更矛盾？ 新的方法根本就没了最后一天--Dec.31 ?
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elast-13-i-24
24. until recently it was thought that ink used before the sixteenth century did not contain titanium. however, a new type of analysis detected titanium in the ink of the famous bible printed by johannes gutenberg and in that of another fifteenth-century bible known as b-36, though not in the ink of any of numerous other fifteenth-century books analyzed. this finding is of great significance, since it not only strongly supports the hypothesis that b-36 was printed by gutenberg but also shows that the presence of titanium in the ink of the purportedly fifteenth century vinland map can no longer be regarded as a reason for doubting the map’s authenticity.
the reasoning in the passage is vulnerable to criticism on the ground that
(a) the results of the analysis are interpreted as indicating that the use of titanium as an ingredient in fifteenth-century ink both was, and was not, extremely restricted
(b) if the technology that makes it possible to detect titanium in printing ink has only recently become available, it is unlikely that printers ore artists in the fifteenth century would know whether their ink contained titanium or not
(c) it is unreasonable to suppose that determination of the date and location of a document’s printing or drawing can be made solely on the basis of the presence or absence of a single element in the ink used in the document.
(d) both the b-36 bible and the binland map are objects that can be appreciated on their own merits whether or not the precise date of their creation or the identity of the person who made them is known.
(e) the discovery of titanium in the ink of the vinland map must have occurred before titanium was discovered in the ink of the gutenberg bible and the b-36 bible .
ans: a (不太理解意思）; mine c
怕误导你，所以开始没答。
我也作错了。后来想了想，a对，但无法否定c。c好象是把原题全否了。能不能这样理解a，（不是很肯定）：jg的bible里有ink->b-36是jg的（restrict the ink to jg），map有ink->15century（not restrict the ink to jg，but to 15 cen）。 我不敢肯定。
谁有好的见解？
我的问题是：我还是没理解Ａ和原文的结合，Ｃ为什么不对？
谢谢谢谢谢谢谢谢谢谢谢谢谢谢
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发表于 2003-9-7 11:03:00
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