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之前大家对揽瓜阁精读的反馈很好，就想着自己的时间开始把一些精读的文章根据JJ出题目～ 然后focus上线，IR需求 大家也大。就想着 把揽瓜阁的阅读 逻辑 IR 都放在这贴里打卡
每日的解析在揽瓜阁2024群更新
RC题源：揽瓜阁精读的文章+机经的题目
CR题源：本月中文JJ改编
IR题源： 往届鸡精改编
打卡内容：
一周打卡五篇，科目不限。
每天上午管理员群内发布题目，群成员做完提交打卡，第二天发布解析
打卡内容建议：
阅读：写文章结构、笔记
逻辑：写逻辑链分析
IR：写做题思路和选项分析
【现在你的笔记越全，越能帮助你捋清思路，之后回顾总结。】
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可以在论坛留言区打卡，截图到群内
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1.CR
A company decided to reduce the packaging size of its products to cut costs. However, consumers were not in favor of this change. It was discovered that even with smaller packaging, there were still defects. Eventually, the company decided to revert to the original packaging size despite the potential for a price increase. Which of the following most weakens the company's decision to revert to the original packaging size?
A) The defects in smaller packaging were no more frequent than in the original packaging.
B) A significant number of consumers expressed a willingness to pay a higher price for the original packaging size.
C) Competitor companies also reduced their packaging sizes without experiencing a decrease in sales.
D) After the increase in price, consumers began choosing alternative products over the company's product.
E) The company’s overall production costs increased significantly after reverting to the original packaging size.
Scientists believe that by studying documentary films from a particular era, they can determine the prevalence of left-handedness during that time. They observed that many people in these films tended to use their left hand for greeting and other activities, leading to the conclusion that there were indeed many left-handed people in that era. What is the underlying assumption in this conclusion?
A) The people in the documentary films represent a statistically significant sample of the population of that era.
B) Left-handedness was not considered undesirable or uncommon in that era.
C) The people in the films did not behave unnaturally due to the rarity of being filmed.
D) There were no social conventions at that time that dictated the use of the left hand for greeting.
E) Documentary films of that era accurately captured everyday activities without any bias or staging
答案:
DA
2.During the tumultuous period of the Three Kingdoms (220-280 CE), the kingdom of Shu Han, led by the brilliant strategist Zhuge Liang, sought to bolster its defenses against the rival kingdoms of Cao Wei and Eastern Wu. Zhuge Liang proposed the construction of a series of watchtowers along the kingdom's borders to provide early warning of enemy invasions.
To determine the optimal locations for these watchtowers, Zhuge Liang consulted historical records of past invasions and conducted surveys of the terrain. He narrowed down the potential sites to three key locations:
Jianmen Pass - Situated at a critical chokepoint, this location could alert the capital to invasions from the north. The pass could accommodate 8 to 12 watchtowers, with each tower requiring a garrison of 50 soldiers.
Yangping Pass - Guarding the eastern border, this strategic location could warn of attacks from Cao Wei. The terrain allows for 10 to 15 watchtowers, each needing a garrison of 60 soldiers.
Yinping Pass - Protecting the southern frontier from Eastern Wu, this pass has space for 6 to 10 watchtowers, with each tower requiring a garrison of 55 soldiers.
Zhuge Liang estimated that the cost of constructing each watchtower would be 1,000 taels of silver, with an additional annual maintenance cost of 100 taels per tower. The kingdom had a budget of 50,000 taels of silver for the initial construction and a maximum of 5,000 taels per year for maintenance.
To optimize the watchtower placements, Zhuge Liang gathered data on the frequency of past invasions through each pass. Over the past 50 years, Jianmen Pass had seen an average of 3 invasions per decade, Yangping Pass had experienced 2 invasions per decade, and Yinping Pass had faced 1 invasion per decade.
Zhuge Liang also considered the economic importance of the regions protected by each pass. The capital region, shielded by Jianmen Pass, accounted for 50% of the kingdom's GDP. The eastern region, guarded by Yangping Pass, contributed 30% of the GDP, while the southern region, watched over by Yinping Pass, made up the remaining 20%.
1. Based on the historical invasion data, which pass is most likely to face an invasion in the next 10 years?
A. Jianmen Pass
B. Yangping Pass
C. Yinping Pass
D. All passes are equally likely to face an invasion
2. If Zhuge Liang decides to allocate watchtowers proportionally to the economic importance of each region, which of the following represents the closest distribution of the total budget for initial construction?
A. Jianmen Pass: 25,000 taels; Yangping Pass: 15,000 taels; Yinping Pass: 10,000 taels
B. Jianmen Pass: 20,000 taels; Yangping Pass: 20,000 taels; Yinping Pass: 10,000 taels
C. Jianmen Pass: 30,000 taels; Yangping Pass: 15,000 taels; Yinping Pass: 5,000 taels
D. Jianmen Pass: 15,000 taels; Yangping Pass: 25,000 taels; Yinping Pass: 10,000 taels
3. Assuming Zhuge Liang builds the maximum number of watchtowers at each pass while staying within the budget for initial construction, what is the minimum total number of soldiers required to garrison all the watchtowers?
A. 1,020
B. 1,200
C. 1,350
D. 1,500
4. If the actual invasion frequency at Yangping Pass over the next 50 years is 50% higher than the historical average, and the invasion frequencies at the other passes remain consistent with historical data, which pass will have the highest probability of facing an invasion in a given year?
A. Jianmen Pass
B. Yangping Pass
C. Yinping Pass
D. Jianmen Pass and Yangping Pass will have an equal probability
5. Suppose Zhuge Liang is able to negotiate a 10% discount on the construction cost of each watchtower. What is the maximum number of additional watchtowers that could be built with the savings, assuming the distribution of watchtowers across the passes remains proportional to the economic importance of each region?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
6. If the maintenance cost per watchtower increases by 20% after the first year, what will be the total maintenance cost for all watchtowers in the second year, assuming Zhuge Liang builds the maximum number of watchtowers at each pass while staying within the initial construction budget?
A. 4,800 taels
B. 5,400 taels
C. 6,000 taels
D. 6,600 taels
7. Zhuge Liang estimates that each watchtower will have an average lifespan of 20 years. If the cost of rebuilding a watchtower is 1,200 taels of silver, and the rebuilding process begins in the 21st year, how much should the kingdom budget annually for rebuilding costs to ensure a stable number of watchtowers over the long term?
A. 1,500 taels
B. 1,800 taels
C. 2,100 taels
D. 2,400 taels
8. If the kingdom's GDP grows by an average of 5% per year, and the allocation of watchtowers remains proportional to the initial economic importance of each region, which pass will have the greatest number of watchtowers after 10 years, assuming the total budget for watchtowers grows at the same rate as the GDP?
A. Jianmen Pass
B. Yangping Pass
C. Yinping Pass
D. The number of watchtowers will remain the same at all passes
9. Suppose a new type of watchtower design is developed that costs 20% more to build but requires 30% fewer soldiers to garrison. If Zhuge Liang decides to use this new design for all watchtowers, what is the maximum number of watchtowers that can be built within the initial construction budget?
A. 40
B. 42
C. 44
D. 46
10. If the average time for a messenger to travel from a watchtower to the capital is 2 days from Jianmen Pass, 3 days from Yangping Pass, and 4 days from Yinping Pass, and a messenger is dispatched immediately upon sighting an invasion, which region is most likely to suffer the greatest damage before reinforcements can arrive, assuming invasion frequencies remain consistent with historical data?
A. The capital region
B. The eastern region
C. The southern region
D. All regions are equally likely to suffer the greatest damage
A. 剑门关
A. 剑门关:25,000两银子;阳平关:15,000两银子;阴平关:10,000两银子
D. 1,500
B. 阳平关
C. 5
D. 6,600两银子
D. 2,400两银子
A. 剑门关
B. 42
C. 南部地区
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has recently initiated a lawsuit against Facebook, alleging that the company has been illegally maintaining its personal social networking monopoly through a protracted course of anticompetitive conduct. The complaint, which follows an extensive investigation in collaboration with a coalition of attorneys general from 46 states, the District of Columbia, and Guam, contends that Facebook has engaged in a systematic strategy to eliminate threats to its monopoly. This strategy includes the 2012 acquisition of the up-and-coming rival Instagram, the 2014 acquisition of the mobile messaging app WhatsApp, and the imposition of anticompetitive conditions on software developers. This course of conduct has allegedly harmed competition, left consumers with limited choices for personal social networking, and deprived advertisers of the benefits of competition.
The FTC is seeking a permanent injunction in federal court that could, among other things, require divestitures of assets, including Instagram and WhatsApp, prohibit Facebook from imposing anticompetitive conditions on software developers, and require Facebook to seek prior notice and approval for future mergers and acquisitions.
According to the FTC's complaint, Facebook's unmatched position as the world's dominant personal social networking service has provided the company with staggering profits, generating revenues of more than $70 billion and profits of more than $18.5 billion in the previous year alone.
The complaint alleges that Facebook targeted potential competitive threats to its dominance, quickly recognizing Instagram as a vibrant and innovative personal social network and an existential threat to Facebook's monopoly power. Facebook initially attempted to compete with Instagram on the merits by improving its own offerings but ultimately chose to acquire Instagram for $1 billion in April 2012, allegedly neutralizing the direct threat posed by Instagram and making it more difficult for another personal social networking competitor to gain scale.
Around the same time, Facebook perceived that "over-the-top" mobile messaging apps also presented a serious threat to its monopoly power. The complaint alleges that Facebook's leadership understood and feared that a successful mobile messaging app could enter the personal social networking market, either by adding new features or by spinning off a standalone personal social networking app. By 2012, WhatsApp had emerged as the clear global "category leader" in mobile messaging. Again, Facebook chose to buy an emerging threat rather than compete, announcing an agreement in February 2014 to acquire WhatsApp for $19 billion, allegedly neutralizing the prospect that WhatsApp itself might threaten Facebook's personal social networking monopoly and ensuring that any future threat would have a more difficult time gaining scale in mobile messaging.
The complaint also alleges that Facebook, over many years, has imposed anticompetitive conditions on third-party software developers' access to valuable interconnections to its platform, such as the application programming interfaces (APIs) that allow the developers' apps to interface with Facebook. In particular, Facebook allegedly has made key APIs available to third-party applications only on the condition that they refrain from developing competing functionalities and from connecting with or promoting other social networking services. Facebook has allegedly enforced these policies by cutting off API access to blunt perceived competitive threats from rival personal social networking services, mobile messaging apps, and other apps with social functionalities.
Here are 8 GMAT-style Reading Comprehension questions based on the given passage, including main idea questions and detailed explanations for each question:
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to:
A. Explain the FTC's legal case against Facebook's alleged monopolistic practices
B. Describe Facebook's acquisition strategy and its impact on the social networking market
C. Analyze the financial performance of Facebook and its acquired companies
D. Discuss the importance of API access for third-party software developers
E. Highlight the collaboration between the FTC and state attorneys general
2. According to the passage, Facebook's acquisition of Instagram was motivated by:
A. Instagram's innovative features and potential to become a direct competitor
B. The desire to integrate Instagram's mobile messaging capabilities
C. Facebook's inability to improve its own offerings and compete on merit
D. Pressure from the FTC to diversify its portfolio of social networking services
E. Instagram's strong appeal to advertisers and potential for generating revenue
3. The passage suggests that Facebook's acquisition of WhatsApp was primarily intended to:
A. Expand Facebook's presence in the mobile messaging market
B. Prevent WhatsApp from becoming a direct competitor in personal social networking
C. Acquire WhatsApp's user base and merge it with Facebook's existing user base
D. Gain access to WhatsApp's proprietary technology and patents
E. Comply with the FTC's demand to promote competition in the social networking market
4. Based on the information provided in the passage, which of the following can be inferred about Facebook's API policies?
A. Facebook has consistently made its APIs available to all third-party developers without restrictions
B. Facebook's API policies have primarily targeted mobile messaging apps
C. Facebook has used its API policies to discourage the development of competing social networking services
D. The FTC's complaint does not address Facebook's API policies and their impact on competition
E. Third-party developers have not been affected by Facebook's API policies
5. The author's stance towards Facebook's actions can best be described as:
A. Supportive of Facebook's acquisition strategy and business practices
B. Critical of Facebook's alleged anticompetitive conduct and its impact on the market
C. Neutral and objective, presenting both sides of the argument equally
D. Uncertain about the validity of the FTC's complaint against Facebook
E. Advocating for stronger regulation of the social networking industry
6. The passage mentions all of the following as part of the FTC's complaint against Facebook EXCEPT:
A. Facebook's acquisition of Instagram in 2012
B. Facebook's acquisition of WhatsApp in 2014
C. Facebook's imposition of anticompetitive conditions on third-party software developers
D. Facebook's restriction of API access to perceived competitive threats
E. Facebook's failure to seek prior approval for its acquisition of Oculus VR
7. According to the passage, which of the following best describes the FTC's desired outcome in its lawsuit against Facebook?
A. The imposition of fines and penalties on Facebook for its anticompetitive conduct
B. The breakup of Facebook into smaller, independent companies
C. A permanent injunction that could require divestitures and prohibit anticompetitive practices
D. The establishment of a regulatory framework for the social networking industry
E. The revocation of Facebook's licenses to operate in the United States
8. The passage indicates that Facebook's anticompetitive practices have led to:
A. Increased choices for consumers in the personal social networking market
B. The suppression of potential competitors and reduced market competition
C. The development of innovative new features and services by Facebook
D. Higher advertising revenues for competing social networking platforms
E. The growth of third-party software developers building on Facebook's platform
1. A - 主旨题。通篇主要讲述FTC针对Facebook涉嫌垄断行为提起诉讼,因此A选项最恰当。
2. A - 第四段提到Facebook收购Instagram是因为Instagram是一个充满活力和创新的社交网络,对Facebook的垄断地位构成了威胁。
3. B - 第五段提到Facebook收购WhatsApp是为了防止其在个人社交网络领域成为直接竞争对手。
4. C - 第六段提到Facebook利用其API政策阻止了竞争对手社交网络服务的发展。
5. B - 作者在全文中列举了FTC对Facebook反竞争行为的指控,并强调了这些行为对市场的负面影响,可以看出作者对Facebook的行为持批评态度。
6. E - 文中没有提到Facebook收购Oculus VR未寻求事先批准,其他选项均在文中提及。
7. C - 第二段提到FTC寻求永久性禁令,可能要求剥离资产并禁止反竞争行为。
8. B - 最后一段指出Facebook的反竞争行为抑制了潜在竞争对手,减少了市场竞争。
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发表于 2024-4-5 09:19:11
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