OG16 SC18 求大神帮忙解答

Elaine_Eady · 发表于 2015-7-16 09:26:18

Unlike the nests of leaf cutters and most other ants, situated underground or in pieces of wood, raider ants make a portable nest by entwining their long legs to form "curtains" of ants that hang from logs or boulders, providing protection for the queen and the colony larvae and pupae.

(A) the nests of leaf cutters and most other ants

(B) the nests of leaf cutters and most other ants, which are

(C) leaf cutters and most other ants, whose nests are

(D) leaf cutters and most other ants in having nests

(E) those of leaf cutters and most other ants with nests

B. OG 解释是 this sentence compares nests with raider ants. Also, the referent of the relative pronoun which is ambiguous, possibly modifying ants, and possibly modifying nests. 疑惑的是，which不是只能指代离他最近的那个noun吗？- most other ants，还是说这里的结构是“noun+essential modifier, non-essential modifier”,所以which modify的是nest。这两种情况怎么区分呢？

D. in having nests situated underground or in... , 这个modifier修饰的是谁呢？ＯＧ解释是But the "in having nests" suggests that it is raider ants, not leaf cutters and most other ants, that have nests situated underground... However the rest of the sentence indicates that in fact raider ants' nests are not situated in such locations.　这里怎么也想不明白，为什么in having指代的不是前面的ants或者cutters+ants，而是后面的raider ants呢？

谢谢了！

jingliu097 · 发表于 2015-8-23 11:03:10

豆腐店的86 发表于 2015-8-20 05:44
http://www.beatthegmat.com/leaf-cutters-and-most-other-ants-in-having-nests-t284776.html
解释了 in- ...

谢谢提供！
总结
in + VERBing is an ADVERB.
Generally, in + VERBing serves to modify the VERB IN THE FOLLOWING CLAUSE.
An adverb cannot serve to modify a noun.
Thus, it is not possible for in having to serve to modify leaf cutters and most other ants (two nouns).
In D, the only eligible referent for in having is make -- the verb in the following clause. Since a VERBing modifier implies CONCURRENT action, the following meaning is conveyed:
When raider ants MAKE A PORTABLE NEST, they are simultaneously HAVING NESTS SITUATED UNDERGROUND OR IN PIECES OF WOOD.
This meaning is nonsensical.
Eliminate D.

helluft · 发表于 2015-7-19 15:00:18

这道题还原前半句貌似是
raider ants are unlike leaf cutters and most other ants in having nests ...这种情况下in doing应该是指向主语的吧

Elaine_Eady · 发表于 2015-7-16 09:26:51

自己顶一下

Elaine_Eady · 发表于 2015-7-16 09:33:49

再顶一下，这道题在之前的OG上都没有，突然给了这么个解释也是挺揪心的。

Elaine_Eady · 发表于 2015-7-16 10:13:12

自己来试着填下坑。

B中which问题，翻了OG16的sc中，which用法正确的句子：SC13 Her third novel, The Color Purple, which was published in 1982, brought her the widest acclaim. SC15 They have a heat-exchange network which keeps the brain from getting too hot. 可以发现，在which之前只有一个noun可供modify，就不存在歧义的问题。

错的题目，在Manhattan课后题目中有一道：Regina returned the dress to the store, which was torn at one of the seams. 这个题目which之前有一个to+noun结构，存在两个可以被modify的nouns，讲解是说要move the modifier next to dress, 也就是使which前面只有一个被modify的noun；同样的，分析OG中which的错误表达，大多是noun+(of/in/on + noun), which... 结构，这样which前面有两个或以上的可以被modify的nouns，而prepositional phrase又可以被看作essential modifier的一种，符合(noun + essential, non-essential modifier)的结构，所以which可以理解为modify noun，可以essential中的离的最近的noun。这样就会造成歧义。

目前的理解就是这样了，不知道合不合理，如果大家有其他想法，请指出，谢谢啦!

lululuna · 发表于 2015-7-17 01:32:25

这题我也超疑惑这个解释，这是我昨天整理的，感觉没法儿说服自己，哎~

待解决疑惑； IN DOING

OG16_18.
Unlike the nests of leaf cutters and most other ants, situated underground or in pieces of wood, raider ants make a portable nest by entwining their long legs to form “curtains” of ants that hang from logs or boulders, providing protection for the queen and the colony larvae and pupae.
(A) the nests of leaf cutters and most other ants,
(B) the nests of leaf cutters and most other ants, which are
(C) leaf cutters and most other ants, whose nests are
(D) leaf cutters and most other ants in having nests
(E) those of leaf cutters and most other ants with nests

OG EXP for D: This sentence correctly compares leaf cuttersand other ants with raider ants, but the prepositional phrase in having nests suggeststhat it is raider ants, not leaf cutters and most other ants, that have nests situatedunderground or in pieces of wood; however, the rest of the sentence indicates thatin fact raider ants’ nests are not situated in such locations.
=>in doing介词短语指向主语？？？

182. PREP08语法笔记
The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign—using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced the Department of Agriculture to change the proposed federal regulations for organically grown food.
A. using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced
B. using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—that has convinced
C. by using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing
D. by the use of Web sites, public meetings, as well as mass mailings—that convinced
E. which used Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings—in convincing

prep08语法笔记关于in-doing的解释
in convincing不做定语而是状语，修饰的是前面分句及前面整个分句的动作organized，表达organize是convincing中的一个动作，改变原句合理逻辑含义
=>也是指向了主句动作发出者

Elaine_Eady · 发表于 2015-7-17 17:17:47

Elaine_Eady 发表于 2015-7-16 10:13
自己来试着填下坑。

B中which问题，翻了OG16的sc中，which用法正确的句子：SC13 Her third novel, The Col ...

在Manhattan上找到了Ron关于", which" modify谁的回应，印证了我的想法：

Use WHICH only to refer to the noun immediately preceding it ---never to refer to an entire clause.

The fact that "which" is so severely restricted is, in fact, the entire reason why "which" is notable!
Most modifiers have more flexibility. If all modifiers were constrained in this way, then most descriptive sentences would become impossible to write.

The same principle applies to
___, who/whom/whose ...

It also applies to modifiers that have little words in front of who/whom/whose/which. E.g., it applies to
___, to which ...
___ of which ...
___, to whom ...
___, each of whom ...
___, because of which ...
and so on.

And don't forget that these modifiers are allowed to refer to either of 2 structures:
1/ A noun;
2/ A noun + preposition + other noun. (E.g., The picture of my father, which is in a wooden frame, sits in the center of the table.)

所以possibly modifying ants, and possibly modifying nests.

拔萝卜的船长 · 发表于 2015-7-18 14:07:39

我也不懂那个in doing 求解答

拔萝卜的船长 · 发表于 2015-7-18 14:11:54

我又想了想是不是这里 like +n.相当于一个介宾修饰，修饰后面是in doing,SVO. 这里in doing的逻辑主语应该是S ,但显然句子意思不是这样的所以是错的

Elaine_Eady · 发表于 2015-7-18 19:15:11

拔萝卜的船长发表于 2015-7-18 14:11
我又想了想是不是这里 like +n.相当于一个介宾修饰，修饰后面是in doing,SVO. 这里in doing的逻辑主语应该 ...

不过in doing是和前面的noun连在一起的呀～我今天做OG又看到一个Unlike开头的题目，框架一模一样：

OG16 SC56: Unlike the conviction held by many of her colleagues that genes were relatively simple and static, .... 这句话的解释是，her colleagues' conviction is that genes were relatively simple and static.

所以类推的话，我还是觉得这道题里，in having nests (prep phrase) 做前面noun的modifier。但是错误在于，有两种可能性，只有other ants having nests, 或者leaf cutters and most other ants都是having nests. 所以造成这句话表达ambiguity.

陌上堕落 · 发表于 2015-7-19 13:19:19

这道题答案是哪个？T T

本贴相关题目 OG-2017-SC-686OG-2017-SC-686
OG-2016-SC-18
... (SSXZ)

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