Day 1 阅读笔记整理
【社会科学-职场】 Women still face barriers in the workplace
1.中心意思
通过援引两本书的作者在各自描述的例子及本文作者举出的对女性职场不公待遇的一些说法和例子,本文作者得出结论:女性当今在职场中仍然遭受不公待遇,很多关于女性职场权利进步的说法都是男人编造的谎言。
2. 段落大意
(1)总述女性对之前50年女性就业市场情况:虽有进步,但仍有阻力。 (2)援引两本书的观点: MK(公司主管)认为工作应当适应女性,而不是强迫女性自我改变。 SH(记者)提出全职女性也被期待承担大量家务,这限制了女性的职业发展。 (3)这两本书会引起男性读者的不适,他们会认为作者在描写时以过分偏激地口吻将资本主义与父权结合在一起,而事实上即使是苏共和中共也存在着性别偏见。但作者的本意并非要求男性读者抛弃资本主义,而是想激发他们的共鸣。 (4)描述现实中女性在职场的状况,突出男女在职场上的不平等。女性遭遇如下所述:升职空间受限、言语霸凌、严苛的穿衣标准。 (5)指出男性对于女性的职场困境有两种观点:一是认为女性天资不足;二是以婚姻中的内外分工为借口(男性以高工资赚钱养家,女性则承担更多的家务)。作者分别对两种观点进行反驳:一是社会因素导致女性无法进入医学院、法学院进行学习,在开放限制后,女性在这两种职业上并不逊色于男性;二是更高的收入也未能将女性从家务中解放。 (6)作者提出结论:男性将女性职场困境归因于天资和选择是一种利己的行为,很多时候需要改变的是男性的态度而不是女性本身。
3.句子摘抄
Bullying disguised as humour is still bullying.
Male managers may find these books an uncomfortable read, peppered with talk of the patriarchy and gender privilege.
Another common argument is that it makes sense for married people to specialise, with the man taking on higher-paid employment and the woman doing more of the chores.
Many of the arguments that women's lack of progress is down to aptitude or choice look like a convenient fiction for men, who do rather well out of the bargain.
4.生词总结
patriarchy n.父权制
politburo n.(共产党的)政治局 buffoon n.丑角;滑稽剧演员 eccentric adj.古怪的 disguise v.假装;n.用来做伪装的东西 assertive adj.断言的;肯定的 forsake v.放弃 plight n.困境 scruffily adv.肮脏地 solicitors n.初级律师
5.短语与表达 make strides in:取得进展 例句:We've made great strides in our commitment to getting the economy back on its feet, but we still have a long roadahead.
glass ceiling:职场中针对某些群体的系统性歧视(尤指针对女性的歧视) The systemic discrimination (likened to a physical barrier) against certain groups in the workplace, especially women,that prevents them from advancing. 例句:Many people believe that a glass ceiling exists within the tech industry because not many women hold prominentpositions in the field.
peppered with:to put (something) in many places in (a story, speech,etc.) 例句:She peppered the report with statistics.
【社会科学-气候】Green house Effect 1.中心意思 提出气候变暖的问题和影响,指出解决问题的方法为——geoengineering,并指出实施该方法所需要做的准备
2.段落大意 (1)气候变化的影响日益增长,如气温上升、海平面上升、春季植物过早生长等。 (2)提出解决问题的最佳办法:减少温室气体的排放。——但这种方法可行性较差(因为需要世界各大主要气体排放国家参与其中)——作者提出另一方法:各国政府共同促进国际合作研究及实施地质工程(geoengineering)。 (3)项目必须是国际共同完成,作者以火山的冷却效应为例,指出单边操作会引起严重后果。 (4)提出项目实施时,政府应当关注的三个要点。
3.句子摘抄 Incentives to drop out of this effort, thereby avoiding the high cost of emission controls, will be strong.
Without proactive international cooperation, a country may conclude that global warming has become so harmful to its interests that it should unilaterally engage in geoengineering without considering the effects on other countries, effects that could be catastrophic.
4.生词总结 emission n.喷发 deploy v.配置 unilateral adj.单边的 detrimental adj.不利的;有害的 proactive adj.前瞻性的 emulate v.竞争;仿效;模仿
*geoengineering: 1. Engineering that involves large-scale manipulation of the earth's environment, especially as applied to climatechange caused by global warming, as in sequestering carbon or increasing the amount of solar radiation reflected fromthe earth back into space. 2. Engineering applied to geologic structures, as in building tunnels.
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