GRE&GMAT阅读难句教程

我也下载过网络版的，但是很多版本都只有句子，没解析，看了还是不太懂，所以准备每天敲几个句子，希望对基础较差的CDer有些帮助吧

我不准备敲解释，内容太多，而时间有限，请大家谅解咯

说明：本帖每个难句的格式如下：

    主语、形式主语以及后面的真正主语的引导词：加阴影；

    谓语、系动词：加下划线

    宾语、介词宾语或表语：阴影；

    插入语：<>；

    长状语：//

    修饰成分：括号----按修饰的层面由大到小用{}、[]或()表示；

    表示并列或转折等的连词；某些固定搭配的、被分割开的词组；部分需要重点解释的词汇：黑体字；

    省略：斜体字

    从句引导词：that

PS:这个标识基本上和原书一样，这样方便点

由于每天上线的时间较晚，难免有所疏漏，希望大家指正哈

GMAT阅读难句详解

  GMAT难句的难度确定是基于GMAT考试中的阅读的相对难度的，其难度标准低于GRE难句的评分标准0.5到1左右。

序号：001

Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.

难句类型：复杂修饰       难度：4

标志：Civil rights activists
                have long argued
                that
                one of the principal reasons (why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business) is
                that
                they
                lack
                access [to the sizable orders and subcontracts (that are generated by large companies.)]

译文：人权活动分子一直认为(黑人、拉美裔和其他少数族裔的美国人之所以难以在商界有所作为的)主要原因就是因为他们缺乏得到[大规模的订单和(大公司所产生的)分包合同的]途径。

序号：002

Fascination with this ideal has made Americans defy the "Old World" categories of settled possessiveness versus unsettling deprivation, the cupidity of retention versus the cupidity of seizure, a "status quo" defended or attacked.

难句类型：复杂修饰+抽象词        难度：4+

标志：Fascination with this ideal
            has made
            Americans
            defy
            the "Old World"
            categories (of settled possessiveness versus unsettling deprivation, the cupidity of retention versus the cupidity of seizure, a "status quo" defended or attacked.)

译文：对于这种理想的迷恋使得美国人去公然挑战“旧世界”的分类，（即：用稳定的财产来代替不稳定的剥夺；用拥有的欲望取代去掠夺的贪欲；一个“当前的社会状况”被保卫而不是被攻击。）

序号：003

The nonstarters were considered the ones who wanted stability, a strong referee to give them some position in the race, a regulative hand to calm manic speculation; an authority that can call things to a halt, begin things again from compensatorily staggered "starting lines."

难句类型：复杂修饰+省略       难度：3

标志：The nonstarters
                were considered
                the ones (who wanted *stability, *who wanted a strong referee to give them some position in the race, *who wanted a regulative hand to calm manic speculation; *who wanted an authority that can call things to a halt, begin things again /from compensatorily staggered "starting lines."/)

译文：落伍者被认为是那些（需要稳定的人，需要一个强有力的仲裁者来在竞赛中给他们一个位置；一只调节性的手来制止住狂热的投机；一个权威来让事情停止，/从一个补偿性错开的“起跑线”上/重新开始）。

序号：004

"Reform" in America has been sterile because it can imagine no change except through the extension of this metaphor of a race, wider inclusion of competitors, "a piece of the action," as it were, for the disenfranchised.

请思考：如果这一句是接着上面所列的那个难句说下来的，那么本句中的“reform”和“change”指的是什么？

难句类型：复杂修饰+插入语+省略+双重否定       难度：5+

标志："Reform" (in America) has been sterile
                because
                it
                can imagine
                no change /except through the extension of this metaphor of a race/, except through wider inclusion of competitors/, /except through providing "a piece of the action," <as it were>, for the disenfranchised./

译文：（在美国的）所谓的改革是无效的，因为这种改革不能构想出任何变化，/除了通过扩展这个比喻中的竞赛的范围/，/除了通过更广泛地包括竞争者/、/通过给这些没有发言权的人提供一个类似于“参加进来的机会”/。

序号：005

We have no pride in our growing interdependence, in the fact that our system can serve others, that we are able to help those in need; empty boasts from the past make us ashamed of our present achievements, make us try to forget or deny them, move away from them.

难句类型：省略       难度：4

标志：We
                have
                no pride /in our growing interdependence/, we have no pride /in the fact (that our system can serve others), /we have no pride/ in the fact (that we are able to help those in need); empty boasts (from the past) make
                us ashamed of our present achievements, make us try to forget or deny them, move away from them.

译文：/对于我们不断增加的相互依赖来讲/，我们没有任何荣誉；/对于（我们的制度可以服务于他人的）这个事实/也没有任何荣誉；/对于（我们能够帮助那些有所需求的人）这个事实来讲，也没有任何荣誉；（过去的）空洞吹嘘使得我们耻于目前的成就，使得我们试图去忘记或否定它们，摆脱它们。

序号：006

The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the erath behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth with rising convection currents under the mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents.

难句类型：复杂修饰+专有名词       难度：5

标志：The traditional view
            supposes
            that
            the upper mantle of the erath
            behaves /as a liquid/ /when it is subjected to small forces for long periods/ and
            that
            differences (in temperature) (under oceans and continents) are
            sufficient to produce
            convection (in the mantle of the earth) /with rising convection currents under the mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents/.

译文：传统观点认为，地球的上层地幔/当其长期受到小的压力的时候/，其行为/类似于液体/；而且认为（在海洋和大陆下地幔的）（温度的）不同足够产生（地球地幔中的）对流，/在中部海脊之下产生上升对流，在陆地下产生下降流/。

序号：007

This view may be correct: it has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents.

难句类型：复杂修饰       难度：4

标志：This view
            may be
            correct: it has the advantage that
            the currents are driven by temperature differences (that themselves depend on the position of the continents).

译文：这种观点可能正确：它有这样的有点，那就是这些流是被温度的不同所推动的，（而温度的不同本身又依赖于大陆板块的位置。）

序号：008

The enclosed seas are an important feature of the earth's surface and seriously require explanation because, in addition to the enclosed seas that are developing at present behind island arcs, there are a number of older ones of possibly similar origin, such as the Gulf of Mexico, the Black Sea, and perhaps the North Sea.

难句类型：复杂修饰+插入语       难度：3+

标志：The enclosed seas
                are
                an important feature (of the earth's surface) and
                seriously require
                explanation /because, <in addition to the enclosed seas (that are developing at present behind island arcs)>, there are a number of older ones of possibly similar origin, such as the Gulf of Mexico, the Black Sea, and perhaps the North Sea/.

译文：内海是（地球表面的）一个重要特征，而且急需解释，/因为<了当前在弧形岛屿链之后发展的内海之外，>还有一些更老的内海可能有相似的成因，比如墨西哥湾、黑海、甚至有可能北海都是如此。/

序号：009

Furthermore, neutrinos carry with them information about the site and circumstances of their production: therefore, the detection of cosmic neutrinos could provide new information about a wide variety of cosmic phenomena and about the history of the universe.

难句类型：复杂修饰+倒装       难度：4

标志：Furthermore, neutrinos
            carry /with them/ information (about the site circumstances of their production): therefore, the detection of
            cosmic neutrinos
        could provide
            new information
        (about a wide vatiety of cosmic phenomena) and (about the history of the unicerse).

译文：而且，中微子携带了（一些关于其产生的地点和环境的）信息/在其身上/，因此，对中微子的探测能够提供（关于广泛的宇宙现象）和（宇宙历史的）新信息。

序号：010

Consequently, nothing seems good or normal that does not accord with the requirements of the free market.

请思考：Please read between lines. What does the author really mean?

难句类型：倒装+双重否定（正话反说）       难度：4+

标志：Consequently, nothing
            seems
            good or normal (that does not accord with the requirements of the free market).

译文：因此，没有任何（不符合自由市场要求的）东西看上去是好的或正常的。

前两天有事  今天补上 

序号：011

Accordingly, it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing (the determination of prices by the seller) as both "normal" and having a valuable economic function.

难句类型：插入语+正话反说        难度：4+

标志：

Accordingly, it requires
     a major act of will
     to
     think of
     price-fixing  <(the determination of prices by the seller)> /as both "normal" and having a valuable economic function/.

译文：因此，需要下很大的决心才能把“p-f”<(由卖方决定价格)>想成是既正常有有着有意义的经济功能的。

Accordingly, it requires
     a major act of will
     to
     think of
     price-fixing  <(the determination of prices by the seller)> /as both "normal" and having a valuable economic function/.

译文：因此，需要下很大的决心才能把“p-f”<(由卖方决定价格)>想成是既正常有有着有意义的经济功能的。

Accordingly, it requires
   a major act of will
   to
   think of
   price-fixing  <(the determination of prices by the seller)> /as both "normal" and having a valuable economic function/.

译文：因此，需要下很大的决心才能把“p-f”<(由卖方决定价格)>想成是既正常有有着有意义的经济功能的。

序号：012

In fact, price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides, as an effortless consequence of its own development, the price-fixing that it requires.

请思考：句末的it指什么？工业社会和卖方定价的关系又是什么？

难句类型：复杂修饰+易混指代        难度：4

标志：In fact, price-fixing
   is
   normal /in all industrialized societies/ because
   the industrial system itself
   provides, <as an effortless consequence of its own development>, the price-fixing (that
   it
   requires).

译文：实际上，/在所有的工业化社会当中/卖方定价都是正常的，/因为工业制度本身就提供了<(作为其自身发展的自然而然的结果的)>(它所需要的)卖方定价/

序号：013

That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors' charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories.

难句类型：复杂修饰       难度：4

标志：

That
    each large firm
    will act /with consideration of its own needs/ and thus
    avoid
    selling its products for more than its competitors' charge
    is commonly recognized /by advocates of free-market economic theories/.

译文：每一个大公司都将/考虑到其自身的需求/，而且这样就会避免比其竞争对手把其商品卖得更贵，这一点通常被/自由市场的经济理论的支持者/所认识到。

序号：014

Moreover, those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of nonsocialist countries other than the United States.

难句类型：复杂修饰+插入语         难度：4

标志：

Moreover, those economists [who
     argue
     that
     allowing the free market to operate /without interference/ is the most efficient method (of establishing price)] have not considered
     the economies [of nonsocialist countries (other than the United States)].

译文：而且，那些[认为允许自由市场不受干扰地运作是最为有效的(定价)手段的]经济学家们没有考虑到[(除了美国以外的)其他的非社会主义国家的]经济。

Moreover, those economists [who
     argue
     that
     allowing the free market to operate /without interference/ is the most efficient method (of establishing price)] have not considered
     the economies [of nonsocialist countries (other than the United States)].

译文：而且，那些[认为允许自由市场不受干扰地运作是最为有效的(定价)手段的]经济学家们没有考虑到[(除了美国以外的)其他的非社会主义国家的]经济。

Moreover, those economists [who
   argue
   that
   allowing the free market to operate /without interference/ is the most efficient method (of establishing price)] have not considered
   the economies [of nonsocialist countries (other than the United States)].

译文：而且，那些[认为允许自由市场不受干扰地运作是最为有效的(定价)手段的]经济学家们没有考虑到[(除了美国以外的)其他的非社会主义国家的]经济。

序号：015

Synder, Daly, and Bruns have recently proposed that caffeine affects behavior by countering the activity in the human brain of a naturally occuring chemical called adenosine.

难句类型：复杂修饰+插入语        难度：4+

标志：

Synder, Daly, and Bruns
   have recently proposed
   that
   caffeine
   affects
   behavior /by countering the activity <(in the human brain)> [of a naturally occurring chemical (called adenosine)]/.

译文：Synaer、Daly、Brouns等人近来提出，咖啡因影响人类行为/的方式，是通过抵消(人类大脑中的)[一种自然产生的叫做adenosine的化合物的]行为/。 

序号：016

To buttress their case that caffeine acts instead by preventing adenosine binding, Snyder et al compared the stimulatory effects of a series of caffeine derivatives with their ability to dislodge adenosine from its receptors in the brains of mice.

难句类型：复杂修饰        难度：5

标志：

/To buttress their case (that
                    caffeine
                    acts /instead by preventing adenosine binding/)/, Snyder et al
                    compared
                    the stimulatory effects (of a series of caffeine derivatives) with
                    their ability (to dislodge adenosine from its receptors in the brains of mice).

译文：/为了支持他们所说的情况，(即咖啡因/相反是通过防止adenosine的附着/而起作用的)/，Snyder等人比较了(一系列的咖啡因的衍生物的)刺激性效果与它们(在老鼠大脑中把adenosine从其接受器上除去)的能力。

/To buttress their case (that
            caffeine
            acts /instead by preventing adenosine binding/)/, Snyder et al
            compared
            the stimulatory effects (of a series of caffeine derivatives) with
            their ability (to dislodge adenosine from its receptors in the brains of mice).

译文：/为了支持他们所说的情况，(即咖啡因/相反是通过防止adenosine的附着/而起作用的)/，Snyder等人比较了(一系列的咖啡因的衍生物的)刺激性效果与它们(在老鼠大脑中把adenosine从其接受器上除去)的能力。

序号：017

The problem is that the compound has mixed effects in the brain, a not unusual occurrence with psychoactive drugs.

难句类型：双重否定        难度：3-

标志：The problem
            is
            that the compound has mixed effects in the brain, (a not unusual occurrence with psychoactive drugs).

译文：问题是这种化合物在大脑中有着混合的效果，(这对神经刺激药物来讲并不是一个少见的现象)。

序号：018

Who would want an unmarked pot when another was available whose provenance was known, and that was dated stratigraphically by the professional archaeologist who excavated it?

难句类型：复杂修饰+倒装         难度：4-

标志：Who
            would want
            an unmarked pot /when
            another
            was
            available (whose provenance was known,) and [that
            was dated /stratigraphically by the professional archaeologist (who excavated it)/]/?

译文：/当（出处已知、）并[已经/被(挖掘了它的)职业考古学家通过地层分析法/确定了其年代的]别的陶罐能够被得到的时候/，谁会去想要那些没有标记的瓶瓶罐罐呢？

序号：019

Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises.

难句类型：复杂修饰         难度：5

标志：

Federal efforts (to aid minority businesses) began /in the 1960s/ /when
            the Small Business Administration (SBA)
            began
            making
            federally   guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management   and technical assistance
            available to minority business enterprises/.

译文：（帮助少数民族企业的）联邦政府的努力开始/于二十世纪六十年代/，那时小企业管理机构（简称SBA）开始使得联邦担保的贷款和政府资助的管理以及技术援助能为少数民族企业所用。

序号：020

Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting larger, growthoriented minority firms through intermediary companies.

难句类型：复杂修饰+固定搭配         难度：4

标志：Recently federal policymakers
            have adopted
            an approach (intended to accelerate
            development of the minority business sector /by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting larger, growth-oriented minority firms /through intermediary companies//).

译文：近来的联邦政策的制定者们采用了一个方法，（其目的是要/通过从直接帮助小的民族企业的方式/借助于居间的公司/转移到支持更大的、成长性好的少数民族企业的方式来/加速少数民族企业的发展）。

这么辛苦的打字,一定要支持一下!

楼主这样打一遍,等于自己又分析了一遍, 造福大家也造福自己

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