4-1-6 6. Historian: Alexander the Great should not be judged by appeal to current notions of justice. Alexander, an ancient figure of heroic stature, should be judged by the standards of his own culture. That is, did he live up to his culture's ideals of leadership? Did Alexander elevate the contemporary standards of justice? Was he, in his day, judged to be a just and wise ruler?
Student: But you cannot tell whether or not Alexander raised the contemporary standards of justice without invoking standards other than those of his own culture.
Which one of the following argumentative strategies does the student use in responding to the historian?
(A) arguing that applying the historian's principle would require a knowledge of the past that is necessarily inaccessible to current scholarship
(B) attempting to undermine the historian's principle by showing that some of its consequences are inconsistent with each other
(C) showing that the principle the historian invokes, when applied to Alexander, does not justify the assertion that he was heroic
(D) questioning the historian's motivation for determining whether a standard of behavior has been raised or lowered
(E) claiming that one of the historian's criteria for judging Alexander is inconsistent with the principle that the historian has advanced
答案是e
historian's criteria是什么咚咚啊，principle that the historian has advanced 又是什么咚咚啊 还有就是Alexander raised the contemporary standards，这句话什么意思呢，raise contemporary这个短语 是什么意思呢 帮帮忙吧
楼主gg historian's criteria是说“历史学家的评判准则”，principle that the historian has advanced 是说历史学家已经提出的准则或原理，即还是准则或原理。这个答案实际上就是对原文的改写。我觉得你好像没看清楚结构：raised the contemporary standards中，raised是谓语，standards是宾语，contemporary修饰standard,即提出同时代的标准，这个意思也是原文elevate the contemporary standards 的改写，即elevate---raise
你如果不问这道题,我还一直以为把这道题中的问题都弄明白了. 不过,放心,现在弄明白了. 这道题的原因在于contemporary 这个词上面, Marriam Webster上面的解释有两个: (1) existing during the same period of time(2) current, 这样的话, 在historian的论述中就存在这样一个问题: contemporary 究竟是前面否定的current的意思,还是指"跟Alexander 同时代的意思". 但是, 从那个学生的反驳: 你无法判断出Alexander在提及contemporary standards的时候是否不会提到他那个时代以外的一些standards, 从这里就很明显了,这个学生所说的contemporary是指current, 所以, 在historian的话里面, 前面先说不可以用现在的标准去评价Alexander(Alexander the Great should not be judged by appeal to current notions of justice), 后面在例举中却又说应该看看A 这个人是否提到现在的标准( Did Alexander elevate the contemporary standards of justice?), 前后矛盾了.
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发表于 2003-12-6 21:33:00
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