GWD7-18,-27

No.18

Although the earliest surviving Greek inscriptions written in an alphabet date from the eighth century B.C., a strong case can be made that the Greeks actually adopted alphabetic writing at least two centuries earlier.  Significantly, the text of these earliest surviving Greek inscriptions sometimes runs from right to left and sometimes from left to right.  Now, the Greeks learned alphabetic writing from the Phoenicians, and in the process they would surely have adopted whatever convention the Phoenicians were then using with respect to the direction of writing.  Originally, Phoenician writing ran in either direction, but by the eighth century B.C. it had been consistently written from right to left for about two centuries.

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

1. The first is the position that the argument seeks to establish; the second reports a discovery that has been used to support a position that the argument opposes.


2. The first is the position that the argument seeks to establish; the second presents an assumption on which the argument relies.


3. The first presents evidence that is used in support of the position that the argument seeks to establish; the second presents an assumption on which the argument relies.


4. The first is an objection raised against a position that the argument opposes; the second is the position that the argument seeks to establish.


5. The first is an objection raised against a position that the argument opposes; the second is evidence that has been used to support that position.

答案是B，怎么解释？

黑体字题目注重的是对题意的理解，和对各个部分关系的把握．

文路是这样的，虽然～～～～～～～８世纪～～，但是一个观点提出了：其实ＧＲＥＥＫ掌握字母写法比预先估计的要早两个世纪．接着给出这个观点的原因：１　因为最早期的ＧＲＥＥＫ文字既有向左写的又有向右写的，（原因１不足以说明．）原因２　早就发现呀其实ＧＲＥＥＫ们是从ＰＨＯＥＮＩＣＩＡＮＳ那里学习字母写法的，（原因２也不足以说明），接着给了个假设（有了这个假设原因１　２　３结合就可以说明问题了）：在学习的这个过程之中，ＧＲＥＥＫＳ会尽可能的学习各种写法．（也就是说既左又右）．原因３　６世纪之前的时候，Ｐ人们是既左又右的写字的．可是接下来的两个世纪到８世纪为止Ｐ就只写一个方向了．

No.27

A significant number of complex repair jobs carried out by Ace Repairs have to be reworked under the company’s warranty.  The reworked jobs are invariably satisfactory.  When initial repairs are inadequate, therefore, it is not because the mechanics lack competence; rather, there is clearly a level of focused concentration that complex repairs require that is elicited more reliably by rework jobs than by first-time jobs.