[求助] [两道GWD黑脸题] 15-Q19 18-Q16

w.melhere · 发表于 2013-10-18 19:45:36

今天打算强化一下黑脸题，结果是越做越糊涂。

下面两道题LZ实在理解不了其中的道理啦，求NN们指导！！！

1.GWD-15-Q19:
Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on property.  In place of this system, the city plans to introduce a sales tax of three percent on all retail sales in the city.  Critics protest that three percent of current retail sales falls short of the amount raised for schools by property taxes.  The critics are correct on this point.  Nevertheless, implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca’s schools.  Several large retailers have selected Aroca City as the site for huge new stores, and these are certain to draw large numbers of shoppers from neighboring municipalities, where sales are taxed at rates of six percent and more.  In consequence, retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase substantially.
In the argument given, the two potions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A. The first is an objection that has been raised against a certain plan; the second is a prediction that, if accurate, undermines the force of that objection.
B. The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is a point the argument makes in favor of adopting an alternative plan.
C. The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is the main reason cited by the argument for its endorsement of the criticism.
D. The first is a claim that the argument seeks to refute; the second is the main point used by the argument to show that the claim is false.
E. The first is a claim that the argument accepts with certain reservations; the second presents that claim in a rewarding that is not subject to those reservations.

2. GWD-18-Q16:
Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on property.  In place of this system, the city plans to introduce a sales tax of three percent on all retail sales in the city. Critics protest that three percent of current retail sales falls short of the amount raised for schools by property taxes.  The critics are correct on this point.  Nevertheless, implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca’s schools.  Several large retailers have selected Aroca City as the site for huge new stores, and these are certain to draw large numbers of shoppers from neighboring municipalities, where sales are taxed at rates of six percent and more.  In consequence, retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase substantially.

In the argument given, the two potions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A. The first presents a plan that the argument seeks to defend against a certain criticism; the second gives part of the basis for that criticism.
B. The first presents a plan that the argument seeks to defend against a certain criticism; the second gives part of the basis for that defense.
C. The first presents a plan that the argument criticizes; the second is a consideration raised by the argument in support of that criticism.
D. The first presents a plan that the argument criticizes; the second presents a consideration that has been raised against that criticism.
E. The first presents a plan whose consequences the argument seeks to evaluate; the second is presented by the argument as one likely consequence that is undesirable.

答案分别是 D B

求各位大神们不吝赐教！  小女子在此跪拜啦！！

w.melhere · 发表于 2013-10-18 20:12:55

自己把每句话拿出来做了分析，请大神们帮我看看这样对不对吧！

Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on property.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A fact also a background.
In place of this system, the city plans to introduce a sales tax of three percent on all retail sales in the city.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The plan.
Critics protest that three percent of current retail sales falls short of the amount raised for schools by property taxes.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Comment by critics.
The critics are correct on this point.
-------------------------------------------- This point is agreed by author.
Nevertheless, implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca’s schools.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ However! Give the argument.
Several large retailers have selected Aroca City as the site for huge new stores, and these are certain to draw large numbers of shoppers from neighboring municipalities, where sales are taxed at rates of six percent and more.
--------------------------------------------------------------------- A evidence for argument.
In consequence, retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase substantially.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Final conclusion.

如果这样理解都正确的话，我大概能理解这两道题的选择啦。　　还是请ＮＮ们帮我看看分析的对不对～

w.melhere · 发表于 2013-10-18 20:15:03

还想弱弱的问问，第一题，E选项里的， the second presents that claim in a rewarding that is not subject to those reservations. 这个应该怎么理解呢？

谢谢大家啦！！

xcdamon · 发表于 2016-3-6 12:04:30

第一题选A
The critics are correct on this point.  Nevertheless, implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money
明显文段整个的语调是用削弱的语气， argument 只是提出来 sales 上涨的可能性  从来没有哪个词说criticism 是错误的甚至直接说了 correct on the point。
A 选项第一个 against  第二个 undermined 第一个合理 correct
D 第一个是文章refute 的  怎么可能？后面都说了是correct的了

稍微有点tricky的是一开始在纠结第一个到底是一个论据还是论点第二个应该是论据。但是唯一可以确定的是二者是对立的关系。
从答案来看应该是第一句话是一个论据，第二个也是一个论据去削弱第一个黑体。
open to discuss

alzn2765 · 发表于 2016-3-6 12:30:24

第一题选D必然不对。用排除法，也只剩下A。
A. The first is an objection that has been raised against a certain plan; the second is a prediction that, if accurate, undermines the force of that objection.
B. The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is a point the argument makes in favor of adopting an alternative plan. 无 alternative plan
C. The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is the main reason cited by the argument for its endorsement of the criticism. 第二句不是第一句的原因
D. The first is a claim that the argument seeks to refute; the second is the main point used by the argument to show that the claim is false. 没有refute。第二句跟第一句逻辑关系是对立的。
E. The first is a claim that the argument accepts with certain reservations; the second presents that claim in a rewarding that is not subject to those reservations.第一句完全接受的了，因为说了是correct

[逻辑小分队] [求助] [两道GWD黑脸题] 15-Q19 18-Q16

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