Although genetic mutations in bacteria and viruses can lead to epidemics,some epidemics are caused by bacteria and viruses that have undergone no significant genetic change.In analyzing the latter, scientists have discovered the importance of social and ecological factors to epidemics.Poliomyelitis,for example,emerged as an epidemic in the United States in the twentieth century by then,modern sanitation was able to delay exposure to polio Until adolescence or adulthood,at which time polio infection produced paralysis. Previously, infection had occurred during infancy, when it typically provided lifelong immunity without paralysis.Thus,the hygiene that helped prevent typhoid epidemics indirectly fostered a paralytic polio epidemic. Another example is lyme disease, which is caused by bacteria that are transmitted by deer ticks.It occurred only sporadically during the late nineteenth century but has recently become prevalent in parts of the United States,largely due to an increase in the deer population that occurred simultaneously with the growth of the suburbs and increased outdoor recreational activities in the deer's habitat.Similarly, an outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever became an epidemic in Asia in the 1950's because of ecological changes that caused Aedes aegypti,the mosquito that transmits the dengue virus,to proliferate. The stage is now set in the United States for a dengue epidemic because of the inadvertent introduction and wide dissemination of another mosquito,Aedes albopictus.
11. Which of the following if true,would most strengthen the author's assertion about the cause of the Lyme disease outbreak in the United States? (A) The deer population was smaller in the late nineteenth century than in the mid twentieth century. (B) Interest in outdoor recreation began to grow in the late nineteenth century. (C) In recent years the suburbs have stopped growing。 (D) Outdoor recreation enthusiasts routinely take measures to protect themselves against Lyme disease. (E) Scientists have not yet developed a vaccine that can Prevent Lyme disease 答案给出的是A,我选择的是B,只所以没选A是因为在文章中关于Lyme disease没有提到关于mid twentieth century这个时间概念。 请教一下大家的观点。谢谢。
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