请教GWD 15几道逻辑题

本人在做GWD的时候遇到一些问题。。。怎么想都想不通，因此放上来请牛牛指教一下！

Q19:（我选D,答案是D..A和D有何分别？？难道是A的态度太暧昧，不够肯定，还说if accurante?）

Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on property.  In place of this system, the city plans to introduce a sales tax of three percent on all retail sales in the city.  Critics protest that three percent of current retail sales falls short of the amount raised for schools by property taxes.  The critics are correct on this point.  Nevertheless, implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca’s schools.  Several large retailers have selected Aroca City as the site for huge new stores, and these are certain to draw large numbers of shoppers from neighboring municipalities, where sales are taxed at rates of six percent and more.  In consequence, retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase substantially.

In the argument given, the two potions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A.      The first is an objection that has been raised against a certain plan; the second is a prediction that, if accurate, undermines the force of that objection.

B.       The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is a point the argument makes in favor of adopting an alternative plan.

C.       The first is a criticism, endorsed by the argument, of a funding plan; the second is the main reason cited by the argument for its endorsement of the criticism.

D.      The first is a claim that the argument seeks to refute; the second is the main point used by the argument to show that the claim is false.

E.       The first is a claim that the argument accepts with certain reservations; the second presents that claim in a rewarding that is not subject to those reservations.

Q32:（我选A,但第一句话是suport吗？？第一句话不是明明是一个现象陈述吗？）

Delta products, Inc., has recently switched at least partly from older technologies using fossil fuels to new technologies powered by electricity.  The question has been raised whether it can be concluded that for a given level of output, Delta’s operation now causes less fossil fuel to be consumed than it did formerly.  The answer, clearly, is yes, since the amount of fossil fuel used to generate the electricity needed to power the new technologies is less than the amount needed to power the older technologies, provided that the level of output is held constant.

In the argument given, the two boldface portions play which of the following roles?

A.      The first identifies the content of the conclusion of the argument; the second provides support for that conclusion.

B.       The first provides support for the conclusion of the argument; the second identifies the content of that conclusion.

C.       The first states the position that the argument opposes; the second states the conclusion of the argument.

D.      Each provides evidence that calls the conclusion of the argument into question.

E.       Each provides support for the conclusion of the argument.

Q38:（我选B,这道尤其不懂，还请各位高手解答啊。。）

In one state, all cities and most towns have antismoking ordinances.  A petition entitled “Petition for Statewide Smoking Restriction” is being circulated to voters by campaign workers who ask only, “Do you want to sign a petition for statewide smoking restriction?”  The petition advocates a state law banning smoking in most retail establishments and in government offices that are open to the public.

Which of the following circumstances would make the petition as circulated misleading to voters who understand the proposal as extending the local ordinances statewide?

A.      Health costs associated with smoking cause health insurance premiums to rise for everyone and so affect nonsmokers.

B.       In rural areas of the state, there are relatively few retail establishments and government offices that are open to the public.

C.       The state law would supersede the local antismoking ordinances, which contain stronger bans than the state law does.

D.      There is considerable sentiment among voters in most areas of the state for restriction of smoking.

E.       The state law would not affect existing local ordinances banning smoking in places where the fire authorities have determined that smoking would constitute a fire hazard.