有木有大神可以解答为什么答案是E？

angel1993627 · 发表于 2015-2-6 03:12:09

when college students were asked about their experiences in childhood, those who remembered their parents frequently being in pain were also those who experienced common pains, like headaches, most frequently as adults. This evidence argues that a person’s childhood observations of adults in pain can make that person more susceptible to pain as an adult. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

D. Adults memories of the circumstances of childhood pain are often vivid, but adults can rarely recall the subjective experience of being in pain as a child.

E. A person’s adult recollection of childhood are likely to emphasize those memories that reflect the person’s adult experiences.

lainemai · 发表于 2015-2-8 15:01:42

这道题的题干意思就是说被采访的大学生当中，那些童年的时候看到父母生病的，成年后也经常生病。所以推出的结论是：如果人在孩童时期观察到大人生病，那么他在成年之后很容易受病痛的影响。
读完题干我在草稿纸上画出的最重要的信息点就是最后一句：∵observe adullts in pain ,∴suffer pain as an adult.
我第一个很自然的反应就是：这个因果关系可能是错误的，有可能并不是child observe到adult的pain成年之后就会suffer，有可能是其他原因，或者是因为成年之后suffer pain才想起以前看过爸妈经常pain,或者这两者之间其实根本就木有因果联系。
按照这样的思路，我看了一下E，刚开始不是很明白，就回头看你给的D，D很明显是错误的，讲childhood pain,不是原文讨论的内容，原文讨论的是成年的pain,所以秒排，那再回头体会下E，很明显就显示了因果关系，因为作为成人经历的一些东西，可能才使他童年记忆中经历的同样的东西浮现，所以一个人的童年记忆可能会在作为成年人经历了同样的经历后被强调。
正好验证了我刚开始思考的方向，不是记忆导致成年的Pain，而是成年的pain导致了他的记忆里更多的是关于pain。
这里有一道类似的因果倒置的问题供楼主查阅：

lainemai · 发表于 2015-2-8 15:06:49

Although the ratio of physicians to total population is about the same in the United States and Canada， the United States has 33 percent more surgeons per capita. Clearly， this is the reason people in the United States undergo 40 percent more operations per capita than do Canadians.

　　The explanation given above rests on an assumption that

　　（A） patients in the United States do not have a greater need for surgery than do patients in Canada

　　（B） the population of the United States is not larger than that of Canada

　　（C） United States patients sometimes travel to Canada for certain kinds of surgery

　　（D） General practitioners in the United States do not as a rule examine a who is a candidate for surgery before sending the patient to a surgeon.

　　（E） There are no unnecessary surgical operations performed in Canada.
这道题选A也是因果导置的问题

lainemai · 发表于 2015-2-8 15:11:15

It is true of both men and women that those who marry as young adults live longer than those who never marry. This does not show that marriage causes people to live longer, since, as compared with other people of the same age, young adults who are about to get married have fewer of the unhealthy habits that can cause a person to have a shorter life, most notably smoking and immoderate drinking of alcohol.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?
(A) Marriage tends to cause people to engage less regularly in sports that involve risk of bodily harm.
(B) A married person who has an unhealthy habit is more likely to give up that habit than a person with the same habit who is unmarried
(C) A person who smokes is much more likely than a nonsmoker to marry a person who smokes at the time of marriage, and the same is true for people who drink alcohol immoderately.
(D) Among people who marry as young adults, most of those who give up an unhealthy habit after marriage do not resume the habit later in life.
(E) Among people who as young adults neither drink alcohol immoderately nor smoke, those who never marry live as long as those who marry.
这道OG上的也是，不是婚姻导致长寿，是习惯导致长寿，属于两者之间是独立事件并无因果关系。

lainemai · 发表于 2015-2-8 17:14:43

刚刚看到一道很相似的因果倒置的削弱题OG上的给楼主：
The earliest Mayan pottery found at Colha, in Belize, is about 3,000 years old. Recently, however, 4,500-year-old stone agricultural implements were unearthed at Colha. These implements resemble Mayan stone implements of a much later period, also found at Colha. Moreover, the implements’ designs are strikingly different from the designs of stone implements produced by other cultures known to have inhabited the area in prehistoric times.
Therefore, there were surely Mayan settlements in Colha 4,500 years ago.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A) Ceramic ware is not known to have been used by the Mayan people to make agricultural implements.
B) Carbon-dating of corn pollen in Colha indicates that agriculture began there around 4,500 years ago.
C) Archaeological evidence indicates that some of the oldest stone implements found at Colha were used to cut away vegetation after controlled burning of trees to open areas of swampland for cultivation.
D) Successor cultures at a given site often adopt the style of agricultural implements used by earlier inhabitants of the same site.
E) Many religious and social institutions of the Mayan people who inhabited Colha 3,000 years ago relied on a highly developed system of agricultural symbols.

elenaknight · 发表于 2015-3-25 16:46:17

我觉得好像是相关因果，不是因果。请拍砖！

狗狗AGO · 发表于 2019-10-27 14:05:54

lainemai 发表于 2015-2-8 15:01
这道题的题干意思就是说被采访的大学生当中，那些童年的时候看到父母生病的，成年后也经常生病。所以推出的 ...

同意！

[逻辑小分队] 有木有大神可以解答为什么答案是E？

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