- UID
- 803521
- 在线时间
- 小时
- 注册时间
- 2012-9-5
- 最后登录
- 1970-1-1
- 主题
- 帖子
- 性别
- 保密
|
In particular, articular, the late-seventeenth-century introduction of a new style of dress called the manteau or mantua, and its increasing popularity, offered female seamstresses a "wedge” to loosen the tailors’ monopoly over the production of more formal, elite, and expensive women's fashions. This new product and more generally the exploding market for clothing, in particular women's clothing, provided seamstresses with the income and market niche from which to expand their numbers and to organize politically within the previously male-dominated trade. Furthermore, they could generally rely on the French state, with its agenda of economic development, to aid in this expansion and organization.
In contrast with much of the prevailing historiography, Crowston demonstrates that when it was in the interest of the French state, authorities were happy to work with and encourage women workers as autonomous producers and not merely as family appendages to guild patriarchs. Crowston thus reinforces Hesse's claim that market expansion brought new opportunities for some women, but she locates these expanding opportunities in the political economy of the late Ancient Regime, rather than in the Revolution's overthrow of it.
In Crowston's history, the seamstresses of Ancient Regime France emerge as relatively powerful and autonomous figures whose work, civic, and gender identities drew upon many sources, but were institutionalized in important ways because of the existence and practices of their guild. The destruction of the guild system during the Revolution thus represents a critical moment in the history of women's work and gender relations—from the perspective of women working in the garment trades, the "freeing" of the market from political constraints brought a largely negative transformation. A closer look at each of these works helps to reveal the origins of the tensions between these two interpretations.
1. 问这种衣服（mantua）在19世界前的作用于/有题，问说那个新式女士服装的例子是什么作用
2. 有题 问两个学者的学说和区别是什么：我选的是mantua产品出现时间不同。
3. 这里有题，问一下那个政府行动会受女裁缝们欢迎，我选的是E。另外还有个干扰选项说政府加强对着行业的regulation
4. 主题题
5. What is / What causes the disagreement/disparity between the two opposing views of female tailors?
6. 另外一个好像问对于mantua那个单词的那个东西的兴起，下面哪个正确。我选的是使 women's clothing market开始兴旺。
7. 推论題問下面哪一個會是A學者同意的..我選的是法國大革命給女裁縫帶來的好處小於壞處
中文大致翻译
更新1：法国女裁缝的文章（感谢网友flutemama提供关键的第二段信息）
第一段，讲法国pre-Revolution时的女裁缝做出了一种新式服装，叫manteau (不知道是不是这样写的)很流行，导致女裁缝的market niche，opportunities提高，威胁了男裁缝的地位。一方观点因为一个新式女服装的兴起，给了法国女裁缝打破男裁缝垄断的现状，并且行会（guild）的兴起，谋求经济和政治的影响力。（有题，问说那个新式女士服装的例子是什么作用）
第二段，两个历史学家的观点，一个叫CC，一个叫CH。先论述其中一个的观点，然后另外一个部分同意她的观点，但更进一步的阐述了女裁缝的地位变化是有经济，政治意义的。
第三段，双方的观点都是一样的对于女裁缝经济的扩张，but 路人甲认为它是在法国大革命前（有题问他们之间的分歧是什么）。因为，大革命的兴起摧毁了传统的经济制度，并且是市场经济兴旺。但是。。。。（牛牛补充）。并且，行会的作用也受到的影响。逐渐削弱。
第三段，双方的观点都是一样的对于女裁缝经济的扩张，but 路人甲认为它是在法国大革命前（有题问他们之间的分歧是什么）。因为，大革命的兴起摧毁了传统的经济制度，并且是市场经济兴旺。但是。。。。（牛牛补充）。并且，行会的作用也受到的影响。逐渐削弱。
|
|
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号
发表于 2014-10-10 20:21:52
收藏
收藏
