帮忙解答一道GWD阅读！

13581939693 · 发表于 2013-9-12 21:36:42

Whereas United States eco-       美国经济增长从1970’s
nomic productivity grew at an annual 起变缓，增长率从3%
rate of 3 percent from 1945 to 1965,    降至1%。
Line it has grown at an annual rate of
(5) only about 1 percent since the early
1970’s. What might be preventing    原因何在？
higher productivity growth? Clearly,    不是制造业原因。
the manufacturing sector of the
economy cannot be blamed. Since
(10) 1980, productivity improvements       自1980年，制造业的
in manufacturing have moved the       生产力从谷底上升至
United States from a position of       世界前列。
acute decline in manufacturing
to one of world prominence.
(15) Manufacturing, however, consti-       而且制造业只占经济一
tutes a relatively small proportion       小部分。
of the economy. In 1992, goods-    1992年制造业只雇19.1%
producing businesses employed       的美国工人，服务业却
only 19.1 percent of American          雇了70%。
(20) workers, whereas service-producing
businesses employed 70 percent.
Although the service sector has       虽然服务业在1970’s有
grown since the late 1970’s, its       所增长，其生产力下降。
productivity growth has declined.
(25) Several explanations have been       对制造业和服务业生产
Offered for this declined and for the    力增长的差异的解释有
discrepancy in productivity growth    很多
between the manufacturing and
service sectors. One is that tra-          一个是传统衡量不能
(30) ditional measures fail to reflect          反映服务业的生产力
service-sector productivity growth       增长，因为它只关心
because it has been concentrated       服务质量的改善。
in improved quality of services.
Yet traditional measures of manu-       而衡量制造业则相反
(35) facturing productivity have shown
significant increases despite the
undermeasurement of quality,
whereas service productivity has
continued to stagnate. Others argue       另一个解释是制造业
(40) that since the 1970’s, manufacturing    工人在竞争下提高了
workers, faced with strong foreign       效率，而服务业相反
competition, have learned to work
more efficiently in order to keep their
jobs in the United States, but service
(45) workers, who are typically under
less global competitive pressure,
have not. However, the pressure on       但是制造业工人提
manufacturing workers in the United       高效率被夸大了，
States to work more efficiently has       由于政治原因。
(50) generally been overstated, often
for political reasons. In fact, while       虽然竞争造成制造
some manufacturing jobs have been       业的一些失业，但
lost due to foreign competition, many    主要原因还是需求
more have been lost simply because       增长缓慢。
(55) of slow growth in demand for manu-
factured goods.
Yet another explanation blames       还有一种解释是联
the federal budget deficit: if it were       邦预算赤字。
lower, interest rate would be lower       赤字减少，投资增
(55) too, thereby increasing investment       加，服务业就有钱投
in the development of new technol-       资新技术，提高生产
ogies, which would spur productivity       力。
growth in the service sector. There       但这是错的。
is, however, no dearth of techno-
(60) logical resources, rather, managers       其实是服务业经理
in the service sector fail to take          没利用好现有的技
advantage of widely available skills       术和机器。
and machines. High productivity
growth levels attained by leading-
(65) edge service companies indicate          如成功的公司就是
that service sector managers             用好了现成技术和
who wisely implement available          工人。
technology and choose skillful
workers can significantly improve
(70) their companies’ productivity.
The culprits for service-sector             服务业生产力停滞
productivity stagnation are the             原因是企业合并和
forces－such as corporate             不必要的政府律令。
takeovers and unnecessary
(75) governmental regulation－that
distract managers from the task
of making optimal use of available
resources.
文章结构清晰，为了回答为什么经济衰退，找到服务业的原因，为什么服务业衰退，找到服务业管理者的原因，最后找到根源：the forces---corporate takeovers and unnecessary governmental regulation.
T-3-Q33
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the budget deficit explanation for the discrepancy mentioned in line 27?
A Research shows that the federal budget deficit has traditionally caused service companies to invest less money in research and development of new technologies.
B New technologies have been shown to play a significant role in companies that have been able to increase their service productivity.
C In both service sector and manufacturing, productivity improvements are concentrated in gains in quality.
D The service sector typically requires larger investments in new technology in order to maintain productivity growth than dose manufacturing
E High interest rates tend to slow the growth of manufacturing productivity as much as they slow the growth of service-sector productivity in the United States.
正确答案是E 拜托各位帮忙解释一下！先谢过了！

帮忙解答一道GWD阅读！

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