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Genetics
Two genes, BRCAl and BRCA2, are linked to hereditary breast cancer. Therefore,
in order to decrease the annual number of mammogram tests administered across a
population and to more accurately assess a woman's individual risk of breast cancer,
all women should be tested for these genes.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) Some of the women who are tested for the two genes will subsequently undergo
mammograms on a less frequent basis than they used to.
(B) The majority of breast cancer patients have no family history of the disease.
(C) Researchers may have identified a third breast cancer gene that is linked with
hereditary breast cancer.
(D) Women who have these genes have an 80 percent chance of getting breast cancer,
while women who do not have these genes have only a lO percent chance
of getting breast cancer.
(E) The presence of BRCAl and BRCA2 can explain up to 50 percent of hereditary
cases.
The correctanswer choice establishesthe FEASIBILITY OF A PREMISE.
This argument states that BRCAl and BRCA2 are connected to hereditary breast cancer. It then
concludes that all women should be tested for these genes in order to reduce the number of mammograms
given annually and to more accurately determine their individual risk of breast cancer.
This argument depends on the assumption that BRCAl and BRCA2 are the primary genes that
cause hereditary breast cancer, and also that at least some of the women who are tested will, in
some way, reduce the frequency at which they undergo mammograms.
(A) CORRECf. As stated above, the author's position hinges on the assumption that at least some
women will undergo fewer mammograms after being tested for the breast cancer-causing genes.
(B) It is not necessary to the argument that the majority of breast cancer patients have no family
history of the disease. If anything, this choice could weaken the argument by implying that perhaps
too few women carry the genes to make the testing worthwhile.
9r1.anliattanG MAT'Prep
the new standard
IN ACTION ANSWER lillY FIND THE ASSUMPTION SOLUTIONS Chapter 4
(C) The possible identification of a third breast cancer gene th,at is linked to hereditary breast cancer
is irrelevant to this argument. The conclusion concerns testing for the two' identified genes;
the third gene is not part of the equation.
(D)While these statistics given might provide a strong incentive to encourage women to be tested,
the given conclusion does not address whether the women win get breast cancer or even what
they should do if they do have the genes. Rather, the conclusion asserts that aUwomen should
merely be tested for the two reasons given in the argument.
(E) This choice is an example of "switching terms." The two genes can explain up t050% of hereditary
cases. What portion of&L cases is made up of hereditary cases? That information is not
given. If hereditary cases make up' 99% of all cases, then this' choice might support the idea that
being tested for the two genes would allow women to more accurately determine their risk. If
hereditary cases make up 1% of an cases, then this choice would not support the idea that
being tested for the two genes would allow women to more accurately determine risk. The
choice is trying to muddle the issue by switching terms in an effort to get us to conclude something
we cannot actually conclude.
理解不了A 啊，哪位大神来给解释解释啊。。。。谢谢啦 |
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发表于 2013-6-17 17:41:53
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