谁有GWD的网络课堂的火山问题阅读文字

谢谢

以下关于它的是机警

管大侃的网络课堂也详细分析过的火山问题．原题原文．．ＥＴＳ是不是有毛病啊？用这道题使我顺利完成所有的考题．具体是：１．主题：两种火山的形成机理．２．那一列火山带的特点：．．．　ＯＦ　ＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＴ　ＡＧＥ．３.ＨＯＴ　ＳＰＯＴ是什么？：Ａ　ＰＬＵＭＥ　ＯＦ　．．ＭＡＮＴＬＥ　ＯＲＩＧＩＮＡＴＩＩＮＧ　ＮＥＡＲ　ＴＨＥ　ＣＯＲＥ　ＯＦ　ＴＨＥ　ＥＡＲＴＨ．４．文末为什么提到夏为夷火山：ＰＲＯＶＩＤＥ　ＡＮ　ＥＸＡＭＰＬＥ　ＴＨＡＴ　ＨＯＷ　ＴＨＥ　ＰＬＵＭＥＳ　ＭＥＮＩＦＥＳＴ　ＯＮ　ＴＨＥ　ＳＵＲＦＡＣＥ　ＯＦ　ＴＨＥ　ＥＡＲＴＨ．

Earth’s surface consists of rigid

              plates that are constantly shifting and

              jostling one another.  late movements

Line        are the surface expressions of motions

  (5)       in the mantle—the thick shell of rock

that lies between Earth’s crust and its

metallic core.  Although the hot rock of

the mantle is a solid, under the tre-

mendous pressure of the crust and

(10)       overlying rock of the mantle, it flows like

a viscous liquid.  The mantle’s motions,

analogous to those in a pot of boiling

water, cool the mantle by carrying hot

material to the surface and returning

(15)       cooler material to the depths.  When

the edge of one plate bends under

another and its cooler material is con-

sumed in the mantle, volcanic activity

occurs as molten lava rises from the

(20)     downgoing plate and erupts through the

      overlying one.

             Most volcanoes occur at plate

boundaries.  However, certain “mis-

placed” volcanoes far from plate

(25)     edges result from a second, indepen-

dent mechanism that cools the deep

interior of Earth.  Because of its prox-

imity to Earth’s core, the rock at the

base of the mantle is much hotter than

(30)       rock in the upper mantle.  The hotter the

mantle rock is, the less it resists flow-

ing.  Reservoirs of this hot rock collect

       in the base of the mantle.  When a

reservoir is sufficiently large, a sphere

(35)     of this hot rock forces its way up

through the upper mantle to Earth’s

surface, creating a broad bulge in the

topography.  The “mantle plume” thus

     formed, once established, continues to

(40)      channel hot material from the mantle

base until the reservoir is emptied.

The surface mark of an established

plume is a hot spot—an isolated

region of volcanoes and uplifted terrain

(45)       located far from the edge of a surface

plate.  Because the source of a hot

spot remains fixed while a surface

plate moves over it, over a long period

of time an active plume creates a chain

(50)       of volcanoes or volcanic islands, a

track marking the position of the plume

relative to the moving plate.  The natural

history of the Hawaiian island chain

clearly shows the movement of the

Pacific plate over a fixed plume.

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GWD-7-Q22:

The passage is primarily concerned with discussing

1. the composition of Earth’s mantle

2. how the Hawaiian Islands were created

3. what causes Earth’s surface plates to move

4. two different mechanisms by which volcanoes are formed

5. why most volcanoes occur at plate boundaries

Answer:

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GWD-7-Q23:

It can be inferred from the passage that a chain of volcanoes created by a mantle plume would most likely be characterized by

A. a curved outline

B . constituent volcanoes that differ from each other in age

C. occurrence near a plate boundary where one plate bends under another

D. appearance near many other volcanic chains

E. rocks with a wide range of chemical composition

假设一平面, 该平面上有一点A. hot spot固定在A点上, 导致A点所在平面突起. 同时该平面以某速度开始移动, A点始终在平面内.(当然相对而言也可理解为平面不动, 而A点在移动).  这样一来, A点所经之处, 形成了由突起点而组成的突起的线条. 由于平面移动的关系, 点与点之间形成的时间是连续和不同的.

GWD-7-Q24:

The author’s reference to the Hawaiian Islands serves primarily to

1. provide an example of a type of volcanic activity that does not occur elsewhere

2. identify the evidence initially used to establish that the Pacific plate moves

3. call into question a theory about the source of the volcanoes that created the Hawaiian Islands

4. illustrate the distance from plate edges at which volcanoes typically appear

5. provide an example of how mantle plumes manifest themselves on Earth’s surface

Answer:

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GWD-7-Q25:

According to the passage, a hot spot on Earth’s surface is an indication of which of the following?

1. An untapped reservoir of hot rock in the base of the mantle

2. Volcanic activity at the edge of a plate

3. Solid mantle rock under tremendous pressure

4. The occurrence of a phenomenon unique to the Pacific plate

5. A plume of hot mantle rock originating near Earth’s core

Answer:

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