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正如大家所熟悉的CR题型基本分为八大类：
1. assumption questions
2. weaken questions
3. strengthen questions
4. inference questions
5. structure questions
6. resolve/explain the discrepancy
7. evaluate the argument
8. parallel reasoning
而通常占比重最多的则是前四种题型，以下我想要分享的是老外讲解的针对四种argument的类型分析思路，希望对tx们有所帮助。
1-causal argument
Assumptions：there is a causal relationship between the factors; there is no other causes; the cause and efect relationship is not revised, i.e., the argument states that x causes y when in fact y causes x.
To strengthen: rule out alternate cause; show that the cause and effect relationship is not reversed.
To weaken: introduce an alternate cause; show that the cause and effect are reversed; indicate that the events are merely correlated.
这种题型基本是将两事件捆绑在一起，一件事的发生必然导致另一件事，所以，要strengthen的话，就要证明这两事件确实是这样一种关系，而要weaken的话，则相反，找出可以导致事件发生的另外原因即可。
eg: Mary took an aspirin for her headache and, though her headache went away, her stomach began to ache. clearly, the aspirin gave her a stomachache. (Mary 还是挺悲催的，头不疼了又开始胃疼)
要support以上观点，就得找出factor证明mary的胃疼确实由aspirin引起的。
要weaken的话， 可以说mary本来就要胃病，或者之前吃了太多东西导致胃疼，反正就要说明并非由aspirin引起的。
2-sampling arguments
Assumptions：the sample is representative and accurately mirrors the larger population.
To strengthen: show that the sample represents the population at large; indicate that the sample population lacks any characteristics that would bias the results.
To weaken: show that the sample does not represnt the population; find evidence that there is reason to believe the sample is biased.
eg: A poll of Ryan's class revealed that the students overwhelmingly preferred chocolate to other flavors of ice cream. Chocolate must be the most popular flavor in the school.
此类argument很好理解，就是小范围sample应用到大范围。就以上例子而言，咋看好像argument是对的，但实际上，这个sample取的是一个班，但仅仅用这一个班的喜好就代表了整个学校。要找support或是weaken就很好理解了。
3-Analogy arguments
Assumption：x and y are similar enough to draw a valid comparison; what is true of x is also true of y.
To strengthen: show that the two things being compared are similar; indicate there are no significant differences in the characteristics of the two things being compared.
To weaken: show that the two things being compared differ in some significant way.
eg:Britt had weight-loss surgery and has lost 100 pounds. Andy should have the surgery too since he wants to lose weight.
这个也应该是比较好理解的，因为B做了抽脂手术瘦了，不代表想减肥的都得去做抽脂手术吧。好，再下一个。
4-Numbers/statistical arguments
Assumptions：the statistics actually indicate the relationship the conclusion claims.
To strengthen:indicate that a change on proportion, percentage, average, or other relationship demonstrates a similar change in the real values of the argument; when the numbers are used to make a comparison, show that the totals being compared are the same.
To weaken: indicate that there can be a change in proportion, percentage, average or other relationship and yet the real totals are unaffected or are changed in the opposite direction; show that comparisons involving numbers come from different totals.
eg: Last year only 60 percent of the students at Preston College were enrolled in a math class. This year, 80 percent are encrolled in a math class. Clearly, math class are more popular this year.
如上，若仅仅比较百分比的话，那80%必然是大于60%的。但是要考虑基数是否一样，若基数一样，那就是support the argument， 若不一样，则是weaken。
以上仅仅是我在复习GMAT过程中觉得有用的分析，有时候得强迫自己按照老外的思路去思考问题才有助于答对题，我也仍在研究探索中，希望对各位tx有所帮助，也希望NN们多多指教~~~~~ |
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发表于 2011-11-7 15:48:13
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