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For many years, theoretical economistscharacterized humans as rational beings relentlessly bent on maximizing purelyselfish reward. Results of an experimental economics study appear to contradictthis view, however. In the “UltimatumGame,” two subjects, who cannot exchange information, are placed in separaterooms. One is randomly chosen to proposehow a sum of money, known to both, should be shared between them; only oneoffer, which must be accepted or rejected without negotiation, is allowed.
If, in fact, people are selfish andrational, then the proposer should offer the smallest possible share, while theresponder should accept any offer, no matter how small: after all, even one dollar is better than nothing. In numerous trials, however, two-thirds ofthe offers made were between 40 and 50 percent; only 4 percent were less than20 percent. Among responders, more thanhalf who were offered less than 20 percent rejected the offer. Behavior in the game did not appreciablydepend on the players’ sex, age, or education. Nor did the amount of money involved play a significant role: for instance, in trials of the game that wereconducted in Indonesia, the sum to be shared was as much as three times thesubjects’ average monthly income, and still responders refused offers that theydeemed too small.
The primary purpose ofthe passage is to
A. provide evidence in support of the view that human beingsare essentially rational and selfish
B. use a particular study to challenge the argument that theeconomic behavior of human beings may be motivated by factors other thanselfishness
C. compare certain views about human nature held bytheoretical economists with those held by experimental economists
D. describe a study that apparently challenges theoreticaleconomists’ understanding of human economic behavior
E. suggest that researchers may have failed to take intoaccount the impact of certain noneconomic factors in designing a study of humaneconomic behavior
为什么选D 不选B啊。。。。。。。求详解。。。。。。纠结。。。 |
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发表于 2011-9-7 17:03:39
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