阅读jj，中国人改进英国人测量珠峰高度 GWD26-32 争议题，求NN指教

hd8390316 · 发表于 2011-8-25 16:29:36

不知道那个 GMAC官方来源的说法是哪来的...

绿阳Eva · 发表于 2011-8-26 00:09:10

open to discuss,没人discuss，都奔答案啦。。。

wulanjie123 · 发表于 2011-8-26 09:09:40

顶，到底选哪个呢？

小困蛇 · 发表于 2011-8-26 09:56:40

谁帮忙贴下全文全题感谢

wulanjie123 · 发表于 2011-8-26 11:26:23

1. GWD-26-Q32-Q35 中国人改进了英国人测量珠峰高度的方法
In 1975 Chinese survey teams1975年中国人量度珠峰，使用的
remeasured Mount Everest, the highest技术和1852年英国人的相同。
of the Himalayan mountains. Like the他们从海岸线开始行进，每隔几
LineBritish in 1852, they used the age-old步量度一次上升高度。
(5) technique of “carrying in” sea level:
surveyors marched inland from the
coast for thousands of miles, stopping
at increments of as little as a few feet
to measure their elevation, and mark-
(10) ing each increment with two poles.
To measure the difference in elevation使用工具：置于两根杆中间的望

between poles, surveyors used an远镜。
optical level—a telescope on a level
base—placed halfway between the
(15) poles. They sighted each pole, read-
ing off measurements that were then
used to calculate the change in eleva-
tion over each increment. In sight of看到峰顶时，他们使用经纬仪
the peaks they used theodolites—探定顶点的上升。
(20) telescopes for measuring vertical and
horizontal angles—to determine the
elevation of the summit.
The Chinese, however, made但中国人努力改正英国人的误
efforts to correct for the errors that差。
(25) had plagued the British. One source误差1：由于不同温度压力造成
of error is refraction, the bending of的光折射。这会产生峰顶幻象。
light beams as they pass through air
layers of different temperature and
pressure. Because light traveling.
(30) down from a summit passes through
many such layers, a surveyor could
sight a mirage rather than the peak
itself. To reduce refraction errors, the解决：1，减少通过经纬仪的光，
Chinese team carried in sea level to2，使用天气气球测量温度压力。
(35) within five to twelve miles of Everest’s
summit, decreasing the amount of air
that light passed through on its way to
their theodolites. The Chinese also
launched weather balloons near their
(40) theodolites to measure atmospheric
temperature and pressure changes
to better estimate refraction errors.
Another hurdle is the peak’s shape.误差2：测量者们的测量点不同。
When surveyors sight the summit.
(45) there is a risk they might not all
measure the same point. In 1975
the Chinese installed the first survey解决：安装一个红色灯塔。
beacon on Everest, a red reflector
visible through a theodolite for ten
(50) miles, as a reference point. One误差3：海平面不平。
more source of error is the uneven-
ness of sea level. The British
assumed that carrying in sea level
would extend an imaginary line from
(55) the shore along Earth’s curve to a
point beneath the Himalaya. In
reality, sea level varies according
to the irregular interior of the planet.
The Chinese used a gravity meter to解决：用重力计改正误差。
correct for local deviations in sea level.
-------------------------------------------------------------
Q32
It can be inferred from the passage that
refraction would be most likely to cause
errors in measurements of a mountain’s
elevation under which of the following
conditions?
A.When there are local variations in sea
level
B.When light passes through humid air
C.When theodolites are used relatively far
from the mountain peak.
D.When weather balloons indicate low air
temperature and pressure.
E.When sea level has been carried in to
Within five to twelve miles of the summit.
-------------------------------------------------------------
Q33
Which of the following best describes the
purpose of the sentence in lines 23-25
(“The Chinese…the British”)?
A.Introduce a definition
B.Signal a transition in focus

C.Summarize the preceding paragraph
D.Draw a contrast between two different
theories.
E.Present information that contradicts the
Preceding paragraph.
----------------------------------------------------
Q34
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a
possible source of error in surveying mountain
elevation?
A.Mirages
B.Refraction
C.Inaccurate instruments

D.Variations in sea level
E.Uncertainty about the exact point to be
Measured
---------------------------------------------------
Q35
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A.provide details about improvements to a
process
B.challenge the assumptions underlying a
new method
C.criticize the way in which a failed project
was carried out
D.call for new methods to solve an existing
problem
E.explain the theory behind a new technique

cindyzhou1114 · 发表于 2011-8-26 12:12:42

顶起来

小困蛇 · 发表于 2011-9-4 10:49:24

综合了国内外论坛的一些讨论，仔细琢磨了一番，认为：官方答案D是正确的，JJ改为C不妥！
理由，大家首先看清楚题32 It can be inferred from the passage that
refraction would be most likely to cause errors in measurements of a mountain’s
elevation under which of the following
conditions? 问得关键是在以下何种环境下refraction 最有可能cause errors ！注意动词，cause，导致不导致是有没有的问题，和errors的大小无关！
看 C. When theodolites are used relatively far
from the mountain peak. 说的是增加距离。对应原文信息，To reduce refraction errors, the Chinese team carried in sea level to within five to twelve miles of Everest’s summit, decreasing the amount of air that light passed through on its way to their theodolites. 大家看清楚，原文说的是降低空气量（按大家理解亦即降低距离）的目的是什么？！是To reduce refraction error！降低误差。那么反之，增加距离的结果紧紧是增加误差！和题目所问是否有可能导致误差没有直接关系！误差的可能性有没有和误差的增加还是减小，逻辑上，是两个不同范畴的问题。
答案 D. When weather balloons indicate low air
temperature and pressure.
对应原文信息有：（1）One source of error is refraction, the bending of light beams as they pass through air layers of different temperature and pressure. （这句重点，说明error产生的条件 different temperature and pressure. ）
（2）The Chinese also launched weather balloons near their theodolites to measure atmospheric temperature and pressure changes to better estimate refraction errors. （这句亦重要！放球的目的是为了测量出atmospheric temperature and pressure changes to better estimate refraction errors. 换言之，不是为了增加或者减小误差，而是为了检查出产生误差的前提条件！）
大家不理解的是 D. When weather balloons indicate low air
temperature and pressure. 说的这个low 不是 changes，那么稍微转个弯，什么算changes呢？
LOW温压是针对什么说的？——NORMAL！那么NORMAL减去LOW是什么？差，就是change？
有人会说我这里必须有个假定： LOW不是常态，否则不存在差。
那么，同理，逻辑上，NORMAL是常态好还是 LOW 是常态好？
我的逻辑：NORMAL就是常态， LOW是非常态。
综合（1）（2）信息，D提供一个能够产生ERRORS的条件！正确！

如果有人还要说C 正确，那么我们反过来想，如果在没有different temperature and pressure的条件下，随便你怎么 theodolites are used relatively far
from the mountain peak. 距离增加一千倍一万倍，都不会有errors产生，因为，产生条件没有！

所以，综上，我认为，选C的同学应该是把误差产生与否的可能性，和误差增加减小的可能性，两个不同范畴的问题混淆了！

前几天似乎和某个同学讨论下，自己也准备如果考试遇到还是坚持选D，就不管了。可是今天一看狗整理里面把官方答案直接就改了！而且没有引用任何讨论作说明！想了一下还是把自己的意见发上来。也欢迎有疑问的同学进行探讨！

绿阳Eva · 发表于 2011-9-4 14:09:49

综合了国内外论坛的一些讨论，仔细琢磨了一番，认为：官方答案D是正确的，JJ改为C不妥！
理由，大家首先看清楚题32 It can be inferred from the passage that
refraction would be most likely to cause errors in measurements of a mountain’s
elevation under which of the following
conditions? 问得关键是在以下何种环境下refraction 最有可能cause errors ！注意动词，cause，导致不导致是有没有的问题，和errors的大小无关！
看 C. When theodolites are used relatively far
from the mountain peak. 说的是增加距离。对应原文信息，To reduce refraction errors, the Chinese team carried in sea level to within five to twelve miles of Everest’s summit, decreasing the amount of air that light passed through on its way to their theodolites. 大家看清楚，原文说的是降低空气量（按大家理解亦即降低距离）的目的是什么？！是To reduce refraction error！降低误差。那么反之，增加距离的结果紧紧是增加误差！和题目所问是否有可能导致误差没有直接关系！误差的可能性有没有和误差的增加还是减小，逻辑上，是两个不同范畴的问题。
答案 D. When weather balloons indicate low air
temperature and pressure.
对应原文信息有：（1）One source of error is refraction, the bending of light beams as they pass through air layers of different temperature and pressure. （这句重点，说明error产生的条件 different temperature and pressure. ）
（2）The Chinese also launched weather balloons near their theodolites to measure atmospheric temperature and pressure changes to better estimate refraction errors. （这句亦重要！放球的目的是为了测量出atmospheric temperature and pressure changes to better estimate refraction errors. 换言之，不是为了增加或者减小误差，而是为了检查出产生误差的前提条件！）
大家不理解的是 D. When weather balloons indicate low air
temperature and pressure. 说的这个low 不是 changes，那么稍微转个弯，什么算changes呢？
LOW温压是针对什么说的？——NORMAL！那么NORMAL减去LOW是什么？差，就是change？
有人会说我这里必须有个假定： LOW不是常态，否则不存在差。
那么，同理，逻辑上，NORMAL是常态好还是 LOW 是常态好？
我的逻辑：NORMAL就是常态， LOW是非常态。
综合（1）（2）信息，D提供一个能够产生ERRORS的条件！正确！

如果有人还要说C 正确，那么我们反过来想，如果在没有different temperature and pressure的条件下，随便你怎么 theodolites are used relatively far
from the mountain peak. 距离增加一千倍一万倍，都不会有errors产生，因为，产生条件没有！

所以，综上，我认为，选C的同学应该是把误差产生与否的可能性，和误差增加减小的可能性，两个不同范畴的问题混淆了！

前几天似乎和某个同学讨论下，自己也准备如果考试遇到还是坚持选D，就不管了。可是今天一看狗整理里面把官方答案直接就改了！而且没有引用任何讨论作说明！想了一下还是把自己的意见发上来。也欢迎有疑问的同学进行探讨！

-- by 会员小困蛇 (2011/9/4 10:49:24)

哈哈，谢谢小困蛇，太有心啦！我也翻出来过，但当时受自己答案的影响，现在客观的看这道题，觉得也应该是D，恩！

阅读jj，中国人改进英国人测量珠峰高度 GWD26-32 争议题，求NN指教

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