【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-5】

m1nt · 发表于 2013-8-11 19:26:07

1.20s
Premise: Japanese collectors were very active in the market for European art, especially as purchasers of nineteenth-century Impressionist paintings
Conclusion: This striking pattern surely reflects a specific preference on the part of many Japanese collectors for certain aesthetic attributes they found in nineteenth-century Impressionist paintings.
Conclusion: Japanese buy I painting because of aesthetic attributes
Strengthen: No other factors that make Japanese likely to buy I painting

2. 30’
Info1: The most widely read magazines face survival problem
Info2: Paradoxically, more people read magazines and many more financially successful magazines
Explanation: More new magazines

3. 26’
Premise: If government funds more, then industries and private patron will decrease
Conclusion: The government should not increase its funding for civilian research in order to keep from depressing the overall level of funding for civilian scientific research
Assumption: 政府fund没私人多

4. 20’
Premise: The axis of Earth’s daily rotation is tilted with respect to the plane of its orbit at an angle of roughly 23 degrees. That angle can be kept fairly stable only by the gravitational influence of Earth’s large, nearby Moon
Conclusion: Without such a stable and moderate axis tilt, a planet’s climate is too extreme and unstable to support life
Infer: Mars has extreme weather

5. 30’
Background: Modern navigation systems, which are found in most of today’s commercial aircraft, are made with low-power circuitry, which is more susceptible to interference than the vacuum-tube circuitry found in older planes. During landing, navigation systems receive radio signals from the airport to guide the plane to the runway
Premise: Recently, one plane with low-power circuitry veered off course during landing, its dials dimming, when a passenger turned on a laptop computer
Conclusion: modern aircraft navigation systems are being put at risk by the electronic devices that passengers carry on board, such as cassette players and laptop computers
Premise: Recently, one plane with low-power circuitry veered off course during landing, its dials dimming, when a passenger turned on a laptop computer
Strengthen: 不用电器就没影响，用了电器就影响

jenniferlyy125 · 发表于 2014-2-12 16:04:35

1. P: 日本人在欧洲画市场很活跃，特别是印象派。显示在日本收藏者喜欢印象派画作中的特定的美学的特征。
加强。【因果】因为喜欢印象画作的美学特征，所以很活跃。
1）gap：喜欢就会收藏。2）事实，日本人对印象画作的独特爱好促使他们收藏 3）假设拍他因：一定是因为喜欢才购买，不因为其他。
方向就是肯定因果关系，因为喜欢，才会购买。因果加强四个方向。NO C 2) A—B 3) NO A, NO B 4) NO B---A

2. P：经济萧条，大多数杂志广告收入减少，大多数流行的杂志不好卖。
P：更多人读更多杂志，成功赚钱的杂志更多。
【差异】杂志广告收入不好。但是更多人读杂志，赚钱的杂志也更多。这里应该由概念混淆，更多人读杂志和广告收入没有必然联系，杂志赚钱也不一定来自广告的赚钱。广告收入应该和广告商作广告的数量有关。
解释：1）更多认读的杂志是那些不怎么作广告的杂志。意思就是没有什么广告来源，当然广告收入减少。2）financially successful的来源不是广告而是其他，revenue=no*price,可能是卖的更多，也可能价钱更多。但是做广告数量不变或者减少。
方向要是可以解释一方面广告收入为什么减少，一方面肯定确实是更多人读杂志，杂志也赚钱。比如更多人买没什么广告的杂志。解释更多认读，赚钱，但是杂志商的广告收入减少。

3. P：如果政府增加对研究的资助，个人和行业会认为这是政府的职责，就会减少对研究的贡献。
C：所以，为了不压制研究的整体资助，政府不应该增加自己的资助。
【逻辑链】增加资助---政府职责—减少贡献。所以政府不增加自己的资助。
政府不增加资助---个人和行业就不会认为是政府职责----就不减少对研究贡献，从而研究的overall funding可以保证。假设应该就是这个逻辑链，政府不增加，个人和行业就会贡献fund。方向就是顺着逻辑链的因果关系。

4. 40’ 归纳。Moon---stable---climate stable---support life. Mars moon is small---angle is fluctuating---not support life. 逻辑链归纳的结果：地球的moon足够大，可以使得..stable，从而支持生命。顺应逻辑链。
P：地球旋转的地轴角度固定，只能够被地球周围大的月球保持。不然的话气候极端不支持生物。
P：比如，火星，只有很小的月球，地球角度浮动很大，不能支持生物。
【归纳】large moon---angel stable---climate ok, support life. Mars: small moon---angel fluctuate---not support life. 归纳就是整合以上内容。1）地球的月球足够大可以支持生命。二火星的月球太少不行。如果地球的月球不是这么大的话，地球没有生命。顺着逻辑链即可。

5. 49’ laptop---cannot work. 所以laptop等电子设备会扰乱飞行。
问not support 不能加强。加强选项只要说明电子设备确实会影响飞行即可。
P：现代导航，用low-power 低功率电路制成，比起老式的真空管电路，对干扰更加敏感。
P：最近，现代导航的飞机偏离轨道，当乘客打开手提电脑的时候，他的表盘失控。
C：所以，现代导航受到电子设备的威胁，比如录音带放音机，和电脑。
【因果】因为打开电脑，现代导航失控，飞机偏离。所以现代导航受到电子设备的影响。
从一个例子得出结论，例子需要有代表性才行。
加强或假设 1）例子有代表性，确实是一有电子设备，现代导航电路受到干扰。2）加强方向，加强因果关系，是电子设备，干扰了导航系统。比如提供事实，每次有电脑等电子设备，导航失控。或者解释原因，为什么电子设备会导致导航失控。2）因果加强四个方向：没有其他的原因，只是因为电子设备。其他条件不影响。NO C. / 没有电子设备就不影响 NO A, NO B./ A---B/ NO B—A, 这题不太适合。

liyao604 · 发表于 2014-4-15 20:52:10

Day five
《费费逻辑宝典》Q2
1. During the 1980’s, Japanese collectors were very active in the market for European art, especially as purchasers of nineteenth-century Impressionist paintings. This striking pattern surely reflects a specific preference on the part of many Japanese collectors for certain aesthetic attributes they found in nineteenth-century Impressionist paintings.
Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the explanation above?

39’
P：1980日本收藏家对欧洲的印象主义画特别感兴趣
C：reflect部分日本收藏家的preference on那个时候的画的特点
分析：不是因为别的，而是因为对画的特点而买的

《费费逻辑宝典》Q3
2. Because of the recent recession in Country A most magazines published there have experienced decreases in advertising revenue, so much so that the survival of the most widely read magazines is in grave doubt. At the same time, however, more people in Country A are reading more magazines than ever before, and the number of financially successful magazines in Country A is greater than ever.
Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above?

23’
P:因为经济衰退，杂志广告生意不好→很多widely read杂志面临倒闭
P：然而，更多people read more magazine than before，更多finally successful magazine。

《费费逻辑宝典》Q14
3. If the government increases its funding for civilian scientific research, private patrons and industries will believe that such research has become primarily the government’s responsibility. When they believe that research is no longer primarily their responsibility, private patrons and industries will decrease their contributions toward research. Therefore, in order to keep from depressing the overall level of funding for civilian scientific research, the government should not increase its own funding. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

34’
P：当政府+civilian research投资，private patron和industry会认为civilian research是政府的不再是它们的责任→减少投资
C：所以为了让civilian research（不让overall资金水平下降）有足够的资金，政府不应该+投资
分析：增加的不能弥补减少的

《费费逻辑宝典》Q16
4. The axis of Earth’s daily rotation is tilted with respect to the plane of its orbit at an angle of roughly 23 degrees. That angle can be kept fairly stable only by the gravitational influence of Earth’s large, nearby Moon. Without such a stable and moderate axis tilt, a planet’s climate is too extreme and unstable to support life. Mars, for example, has only very small moons, tilts at wildly fluctuating angles, and cannot support life.
If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true on the basis of them?

53’
P：地球rotation的角度大概是23，
C：因为它的月亮引力很大→保持不变的angle→no extreme and unstable climate→retain life
P：火星因为月亮引力很小→不能保持不变的angle→不能retain life

《费费逻辑宝典》Q18
5. Modern navigation systems, which are found in most of today’s commercial aircraft, are made with low-power circuitry, which is more susceptible to interference than the vacuum-tube circuitry found in older planes. During landing, navigation systems receive radio signals from the airport to guide the plane to the runway. Recently, one plane with low-power circuitry veered off course during landing, its dials dimming, when a passenger turned on a laptop computer. Clearly, modern aircraft navigation systems are being put at risk by the electronic devices that passengers carry on board, such as cassette players and laptop computers. Which one of the following, if true, LEAST strengthens the argument above?

50’
P：现在的navigation system（most found in today’s commercial aircraft）没有以前的抗干扰
p：plane降落的时候通过接受airport的信号来导航降落
P：有个乘客打开laptop飞机（with low~）被电子信号干扰
C：所以现在的plane will be put into risk with the electronic devices

kaniris · 发表于 2014-9-8 11:51:24

谢谢，学习了！

问啊问啊 · 发表于 2015-6-6 07:06:55

6/5/2015【逻辑1-5】
《费费逻辑宝典》Q2
1. During the 1980’s, Japanese collectors were very active in the market for European art, especially as purchasers of nineteenth-century Impressionist paintings. This striking pattern surely reflects a specific preference on the part of many Japanese collectors for certain aesthetic attributes they found in nineteenth-century Impressionist paintings.
Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the explanation above?

58
P:1980年，日本收藏夹家开始对欧洲艺术品感兴趣，尤其是作为I的购买者出现
C:这反映了一个趋势，大部分日本收藏家开始对I感兴趣了

==
P:1980年，日本收藏夹家开始对欧洲艺术品感兴趣，尤其是作为19世纪的I的购买者出现
显著的模式反应了特殊的偏好，也就是大部分日本收藏家对某种审美属性

《费费逻辑宝典》Q3
2. Because of the recent recession in Country A most magazines published there have experienced decreases in advertising revenue, so much so that the survival of the most widely read magazines is in grave doubt. At the same time, however, more people in Country A are reading more magazines than ever before, and the number of financially successful magazines in Country A is greater than ever.
Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above?

39
P：随着A的经济不景气，购买杂志的人的数量减少了，但与此同时，阅读杂志的人增多了
问如何解释这个矛盾？
G:是不是读电子杂志？是不是读免费赠送杂志？

《费费逻辑宝典》Q14
3. If the government increases its funding for civilian scientific research, private patrons and industries will believe that such research has become primarily the government’s responsibility. When they believe that research is no longer primarily their responsibility, private patrons and industries will decrease their contributions toward research. Therefore, in order to keep from depressing the overall level of funding for civilian scientific research, the government should not increase its own funding. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

46
F:如果政府对民间科研投入增加，其他赞助人的投资也会增加，反之亦然。
P:目标，果：如果政府不想抑制民间科研的发展
C:方案，因：就应该增加对民间科研的投资
问假设
G:赞助人的投资确实用在科研上了（这个猜测好像不涉及逻辑链的桥梁）
===彻底理解错了
。【35s】如果国家增加它们对科研的支出，一些慈善家和公司会认为资助科研事业是政府的主要职责－－》所以，这些慈善家和公司会减少它们对科研事业的资助－－》为了防治这种事情的发生——》政府应该不要增加其对科研事业的资助。
assumption:政府消极的资助措施不会打击慈善家和公司的积极性。

《费费逻辑宝典》Q16
4. The axis of Earth’s daily rotation is tilted with respect to the plane of its orbit at an angle of roughly 23 degrees. That angle can be kept fairly stable only by the gravitational influence of Earth’s large, nearby Moon. Without such a stable and moderate axis tilt, a planet’s climate is too extreme and unstable to support life. Mars, for example, has only very small moons, tilts at wildly fluctuating angles, and cannot support life.
If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true on the basis of them?

49
地球由于月球影响，有23度的tilt，这样可以支持生命
火星只有很小的月球，所以无法支持生命
如果上述为真，以下什么也为真

《费费逻辑宝典》Q18
5. Modern navigation systems, which are found in most of today’s commercial aircraft, are made with low-power circuitry, which is more susceptible to interference than the vacuum-tube circuitry found in older planes. During landing, navigation systems receive radio signals from the airport to guide the plane to the runway. Recently, one plane with low-power circuitry veered off course during landing, its dials dimming, when a passenger turned on a laptop computer. Clearly, modern aircraft navigation systems are being put at risk by the electronic devices that passengers carry on board, such as cassette players and laptop computers. Which one of the following, if true, LEAST strengthens the argument above?
53
F:飞机上的导航系统用的是低压电路，比更早的真空管电路要高级许多。这个电路在飞机着陆时支持导航飞机找到跑到。
P:最近一次事故，飞机在着陆时低压电路的信号越来越弱，查明是因为一乘客打开了手提电脑
C:电子设备如笔记本电脑，卡式磁带机等会影响飞机的导航。
问最不加强结论的。

进击的智人阿飞 · 发表于 2018-10-13 16:04:46

1.  21sPremise: 买欧洲印象派作品的日本人很多  conclusion：这个情况反映了当时日本普遍对欧洲画派的审美Assumption: 前提不导致结果不存在。没有更多的日本人买其他画作； fill the gap。日本人买画是因为喜欢它

2.  30sPremise: country A遭遇经济衰退+很多杂志广告收入减少+ 但是看杂志的人比以前多+获利的杂志比以前多Paradox assumption: 杂志获利是因为人们休闲时间增多（失业），导致销售量增加，而不是广告收入，因为付不起广告钱

3.  31sPremise: 如果政府资助素人创新研究，个体老板和企业会认为创新不是他们的责任是政府之责+他们就会懈怠Conclusion: 为了解决素人创新低迷问题，政府不应该出资Assumption: 前提不导致结果不存在，政府出资不会激励新人创新；前提一定导致结论，解释为什么个体老板和企业会因为政府给钱就懈怠

4.  45sPremise: 地球自转有个偏角与月亮引力有关+这个偏角的稳定使地球天气不极端+火星也有一个很小的月亮+火星的自传角度是波动的+火星没人住Conclusion？火星天气极端，火星的月亮引力不够大之类

5.  60sPremise: 飞机有个航海系统靠微电流支撑+落地时靠这个系统接受地面信号+最近一个飞机落地时信号弱，因为一个乘客打开电脑Conclusion: 电子设备会让飞机出现危险Least strengthen: 他因。该飞机本身有故障；乘客打开电脑时刚好有其他磁场变化导致飞机信号若；前提不导致结果，飞机自己有保护措施

园成寺怜 · 发表于 2018-10-14 21:13:14

发表于 2011-08-11 10:38:33
答案答案~选中以下各行可见：1. Several nineteenth-century Impres...

看一下

gouguoqu · 发表于 2021-1-19 13:21:34

第五天
1.1：04s
2.40s
3.33s
4.44s
5.40s

【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-5】

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